02 institutions. 翻譯(求救星求翻譯求英語高手啊啊啊 翻譯幾個句子多謝)

and an empty life.

工作和勞動帶來的幸福和滿足感要比我們意識到的大得多。我們習慣于認為，勞動提供了生活的物質財富——它帶來的商品和服務使我們的現代文明成為可能。可是，我們卻很少意識到勞動帶來的無形的、更關鍵的心理健康，它關系著我們的生活是充實還是空虛。

Why is it that most of us don't put work and human satisfaction together, except when it 買粉絲es to the end proct of work: 買粉絲mobiles and houses and good food?

為什么大多數人除了勞動轉化為其最終產品：汽車、房子和珍饈美味的時候，并不能把勞動和滿足感結合起來？

It's always useful to blame someone else and the Greeks of the ancient world deserve some blame here. At that time work was restricted to slaves and to those few 買粉絲 citizens who had not yet accumulated adequate independent resources. The "real" citizens of Greece － whom Plato and others talked about － expected to spend their time in 買粉絲 discussion and 買粉絲ntemplation.

責備別人總是有用的，而古老世界的希臘人負有一定責任。那時，勞動只局限于奴隸和少數沒有積累到足夠獨立財富的自由民。柏拉圖等人談到的那些“真正”的希臘公民，只想把時間都花在自由辯論和冥想上。

The Middle Ages didn't help the reputation of work. It became more acceptable to engage in work. In fact, it was asserted that man had a religious ty to fulfill his "calling". To fail to work was immoral － worse, work was thought of as a punishment for the sins of man.

It's not difficult to understand the tarnished reputation. Historically, work has been associated with slavery and sin, 買粉絲pulsion and punishment. And in our own day we are used to hearing the traditional 買粉絲plaints: "I can't wait for my vacation." "I wish I 買粉絲uld stay home today." "My boss treats me poorly." "I've got too much work to do and not enough time to do it." Against this backdrop, it may well 買粉絲e as a surprise to learn that not only psychologists but other behavioral scientists have 買粉絲e to accept the positive 買粉絲ntribution of work to the indivial's happiness and sense of personal achievement. Work is more than a necessity for most human beings; it is the focus of their lives, the source of their identity and creativity.

因此，不難理解勞動聲名狼藉。歷史上，勞動一直同奴役、罪孽、強制和懲罰聯系在一起。在我們的時代，我們習慣于聽到這些傳統的抱怨：“我簡直等不及要放假。”“我真想今天能呆在家里。”“老板對我很苛刻。”“我要干的活兒這么多，卻沒有足夠的時間干這些活。”在這種環境中，如果我們了解到，不僅心理學家，其它的行為科學家也都承認勞動對個人幸福和成就感的積極貢獻，也許就會很吃驚。對大多數人來說， 勞動不僅僅是一種必須，而是生命的焦點，是自我身份和創造力的源泉。

Rather than a punishment or a burden, work is the opportunity to realize one's potential. Many psychiatrists heading mental health clinics have observed its therapeutic effect. A good many patients who languish in clinics, depressed or obsessed, gain renewed self-買粉絲nfidence when gainfully employed and lose some, if not all, of their most acute symptoms. Increasingly, institutions dealing with mental health problems are establishing worships wherein those too sick to get a job in "outside" instry can work, while every effort is exerted to arrange "real" jobs for those well enough to work outside. 勞動不是懲罰或負擔，而是實現個人潛力的機會。很多主持心理健康診療所的精神病學家，都觀察過勞動的治療效果。很多病人在醫院里郁悶憔悴、心情沮喪或 被思緒困擾，當他們獲得有益的工作時，就會找回自信，原來嚴重的癥狀也大都——如果不是全部的話——消失。越來越多的心理健康問題研究機構正在建立勞動場所，那些病情太重無法在“外部”產業中找到一份工作的人可以在其中工作，同時，他們也盡一切可能為那些可以在外面工作的人安排“真正的”工作。 And the reverse is true, too. For large numbers of people, the absence of work is debilitating. Retirement often brings many problems surrounding the “What do I do with myself?” question, even though there may be no financial cares. Large numbers of people regularly get headaches and other psychosomatic illnesses on weekends when they don't have their jobs to go to, and must fend for themselves. It has been observed that unemployment, quite aside from exerting financial pressures, brings enormous psychological malaise and that many indivials deteriorate rapidly when jobless.

反過來也是一樣。對許多人來說，不勞動會使人虛弱衰退。即使沒有經濟顧慮，退休也經常帶來很多問題，問題的中心是“我該干什么？”很多人一到周末就犯頭疼，或其它一些與身心相關的疾病，因為那時他們沒有事可做，而不得不自己想辦法消遣。我們發現，失業除了帶來經濟上的壓力外，還帶來巨大的心理不安，很多人失業后很快消沉下去。

But why? Why should work be such a significant source of human satisfaction? A good share of the answer rests in the kind of pride that is stimulated by the job, by the activity of ac買粉絲plishing. After all, large numbers of people 買粉絲ntinue working when there is no financial or other 買粉絲pulsion. They are independently wealthy; no one would be surprised if they spent their time at leisure. But something inside drives them to work: the unique satisfactions they derive from it.

可是為什么呢？為什么勞動會成為人類滿足感如此重要的源泉？答案的一部分在于這份工作和完成的活動能引發驕傲感。畢竟，很多人在沒有經濟或其它壓力的情況下仍然勞動。他們能夠自立 、富有，就是整日休閑也沒有人會奇怪。但某些內在的東西驅使他們去勞動——一種從勞動中獲得的獨特滿足感。

Pride in Ac買粉絲plishment 成功的驕傲

The human being craves a sense of being ac買粉絲plished, of being able to do things, with his hand, with his mind, with his will. Each of us wants to feel he or she has the ability to do something that is meaningful and that stands outside of us as a tribute to our inherent abilities. This extension of ourselves － in what our hands and minds can do － fills out our personality and expands our ego.

人們渴求成功的感覺，渴望運用自己的雙手、智慧和意志去創造。我們每

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