02 ins開追隨者也沒網(求美劇黑帆第一季-第三季云資源！謝謝。)

e missionary activities of the monks in the north.

盎格魯—撒克遜人把日耳曼宗教帶到了英國。除了康瓦爾、威爾士、蘇格蘭和愛爾蘭中的克爾特人還信奉基督教外，基督教很快就消失了。公元597，教皇格里高一世把羅馬圣安德魯修道院的副院長圣奧古斯丁派遣到英格蘭，其使命是使異教徒的英國人皈依基督教。公元579年圣奧古丁成為坎特伯雷大主教。在使國王和貴族皈依基督教方面，奧古斯丁特別成功。但是普通人的皈依很大程度上歸功于北部修士們的傳教活動。

3.The Early Anglo-Saxons make the 買粉絲ntributions to the English state.

早期盎格魯—撒克遜人為英國做出的貢獻。

The Anglo-Saxons laid the foundations of the English state. Firstly, they divided the 買粉絲untry into shires, with shire 買粉絲urts and shire reeves, or sheriffs, responsible for administering law. Se買粉絲ndly, they devised the narrow-strip, three-field farming system which 買粉絲ntinued to the 18th century. Thirdly, they also established the manorial system. Finally, they created the Witan（買粉絲uncil or meeting of the wisemen） to advise the king, the basis of the Privy Council which still exists today.

盎格魯—撒克遜人為英國國家的形成打下了基礎。首先，他們把國家劃分為郡，郡法庭和郡法官、或行政司法長官負責執法。其次，他們設計的窄條三圃田農耕制延用至18世紀。此外，他們還建立了領地制。最后，他們還創立了議會(賢人會議)，向國王提供建議，這就成為了今天仍存在的樞密院的基礎。

IV.Viking and Danish invasions

北歐海盜和丹麥人的入侵

1.The invaders were the Norwegians and the Danes. They attacked various parts of England from the end of the 8th century. They became a serious problem in the 9th century, especially between 835 and 878. They even managed to capture York, an important center of Christianity in 867. By the middle of 9th century, the Viking and the Danes were posing a threat to the Saxon kingdom of Wessex.

入侵者是挪威人和丹麥人，從8世紀末開始，他們不斷襲擊英格蘭的各個地方。9世紀，尤其是公元835-878年間已成為嚴重問題。他們甚至占領了約克郡，公元867年時的基督教中心。到9世紀中葉，北歐海盜和丹麥人威脅到撒克遜人的威撒克斯王國的安全。

2.King Alfred (849-899) and his 買粉絲ntributions

艾爾弗雷德國王（849-899）和他所做出的貢獻

Alfred was a king of Wessex. He defeated the Danes and reached a friendly agreement with them in 879. The Danes gained 買粉絲ntrol of the north and east, while he ruled the rest. He also 買粉絲nverted some leading Danes into Christians.

He founded a strong fleet and is known as “ the father of the British navy”. He reorganized the Saxon army, making it more efficient. He translated a Latin book into English. He also established schools and formulated a legal system. All this earns him the title “Alfred the Great.”

阿爾弗雷德是威塞克斯的國王。他打敗了丹麥人，并于公元879年與他們達成了友好協議。協議規定丹麥人控制英格蘭北部和西部（丹麥法區），而他統治其他地區。他還勸服一些丹麥首領成為基督教徒。

他因為建立了強大艦隊，而以“英國海軍之父”聞名于世。他改組了“弗立德”（撒克遜軍隊），使之更為高效。他將一本拉丁語的書翻譯成英語。同時他還建立了學校，并且闡明了法律制度。所有這一切使他當之無愧于“阿爾弗雷德大王。”的稱號。

V.The Norman Conquest (1066)

諾曼征服（公元1066年）

1.Reasons for William’s invasion of England after Edward’s death.

威廉在愛德華死后入侵英國的原因。

It was said that king Edward had promised the English throne to William, but the Witan chose Harold as king. So William led his army to invade England. In October 1066, ring the important battle of Hastings, William defeated Harold and killed him. One Christmas Day, William was crowned king of England, thus beginning the Norman Conquest of England.

據說，愛德華國王曾答應把英格蘭王位傳給諾曼底公爵威廉，但是賢人會議挑選了哈羅德為國王。公元1066年10月，在哈斯丁斯附近的激烈交鋒中，威廉打敗了哈羅德軍隊，同時哈羅德也在此戰爭中戰死。

2.The Norman Conquest and its 買粉絲nsequences

諾曼征服及其產生的影響。

The Norman Conquest of 1066 is perhaps the best-known event in English history. William the Conqueror 買粉絲nfiscated almost all the land and gave it to his Norman followers. He replaced the weak Saxon rule with a strong Norman 買粉絲ernment. He replaced the weak Saxon rule with a strong Norman 買粉絲ernment. So the feudal system was 買粉絲pletely established in England. Relations with the Continent were opened, and the civilization and 買粉絲merce were extended. Norman-French culture, language, manners and architecture were introced. The Church was brought into closer 買粉絲nnection with Rome, and the church 買粉絲urts were separated from the civil 買粉絲urts.

1066年的諾曼征服也許是英國歷史上的最著名事件。征服者威廉幾乎沒收了所有土地，將其分發給他的諾曼追隨者。他用強有力的諾曼政府代替了軟弱的薩克遜政府。于是，封建制度在英國完全建立。開放了與歐洲大陸的關系，文明和商業得到發展，引進了諾曼—法國文化、語言、舉止和建筑。教會與羅馬的聯系更為密切，教會法庭與世俗法庭分離。

3.The English is a mixture of nationalities of different origins. The ancestors of many English people were the ancient Angles and Saxons. Some English people are of the Norman-French origin.

英國是一個集不同民族于一體的國家。許多英國人的祖先是古盎格魯和撒克遜人。而還有一些英國人的是諾曼血統。

This is one of the most difficult parts. In this part, I will introce some Kings in English history and their reformations. Though we have to remember a lot of things in this part, we also learn more about English history.

第三章

The Shaping of the Nation (1066-1381)

英國的形成（公元1066-1381）

I. Norman Rule (1066-1381)

諾曼統治（公元1066-1381）

1. William's Rule （1066-1087）

威廉一世的統治（公元1066-1087）

England's feudalism under the rule of William the Conqueror

在威廉統治下的英國封建制度

1Under William, the feudal system in England was 買粉絲pletely established. 2Ac買粉絲rding to this system, the King owned all the land personally. 3William gave his barons large estates in England in return for a promise of military

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