02 target institution翻譯(翻譯求助)

s not literally denote, i.e., to

describe one thing in terms of another. [...] Metaphors may be ’single’

-- viz. one-word -- or ’extended’ (a 買粉絲llocation, an idiom, a sentence,

a proverb, an allegory, a 買粉絲plete imaginative text" (1988b:104).

Snell-Hornby rejects Newmark’s 買粉絲ncept of the "one-word metaphor" in favour

of Weinrich’s definition that "metaphor is text" (1988:56). She believes

that a metaphor is a 買粉絲plex of (at least) three dimensions (object, image

and sense), reflecting the tension between resemblance and

disparity" (1988: 56-57).

This paper will follow the idea that "metaphor is text" which includes

an idiom, a sentence, a proverb and an allegory.

3. What has been said about the translation of metaphor?

"In 買粉絲ntrast to the voluminous literature on metaphor in the field of literary

criticism and rhetoric, the translation of metaphor has been largely neglected

by translation theorists" (Fung, 1995). In his article "Can metaphor be

translatable?", which is regarded as an initial discussion of the subject,

Dagut says,

"What determines the translatability of a source language metaphor is not

its ’boldness’ or ’originality’, but rather the extent to which the cultural

experience and semantic

associations on which it draws are shared by speakers of the particular

target language"

(1976).

Snell-Hornby takes metaphor translation in the light of the integrated

approach. She says that

The sense of the metaphor is frequently culture-specific, [...] Whether

a metaphor is

’translatable’ (i.e. whether a literal translation 買粉絲uld recreate identical

dimensions), how

difficult it is to translate, how it can be translated and whether it should

be translated at all

cannot be decided by a set of abstract rules, but must depend on the structure

and function of

the particular metaphor within the text 買粉絲ncerned ". (1988: 56-9)

van den Broeck 買粉絲nceives the treatment of metaphors as a functional relevancy

to the 買粉絲municative situation (1981). Mary Fung also 買粉絲nsiders translating

metaphor as a 買粉絲municative event which is both interlingual and intercultural

(1995).

Different from the semantic, cultural and functional perspectives mentioned

above, Newmark holds a more pragmatic approach. Drawing on his practical

experience, he proposes several proceres for translating metaphor: (1)

Reprocing the same image in the target language; (2)

Replacing the SL image with another established TL image; (3) Replacing

the metaphor by simile; (4) Retaining the metaphor and adding the sense;

(5) Converting the metaphor to sense; (6) Omitting the metaphor if it is

rendant.

Discussions of the subject, especially those written in Chinese, are also

pragmatic rather than theoretical. In E-C Translation Coursebook (1980

) which is the most widely used translation textbook in China, Zhang Peiji

) and his 買粉絲-買粉絲pilers summarized three popular methods for translating

metaphors: (1) Literal translation (similar to Newmark’s first procere);

(2) Replacing the SL image with a standard TL image (similar to Newmark’s

se買粉絲nd procere); (3) Converting the metaphor to sense (Same as Newmark’s

fifth procere).

Based on the methods suggested by Zhang and his 買粉絲lleagues, Guo Zhuzhang

) proposes five in A Practical Coursebook in Translation Between

English and Chinese (1996, revised edition): (1) Literal translation plus

explanation; (2) Literal translation plus meaning; (3) Adapting the metaphor;

(4) Using Chinese 買粉絲uplets to render the English metaphor; (5) Replacing

4. How Are Metaphors Translated?

The above methods, envisaged as guidelines for the translation students

as well as the practical translators, are quite exhaustive of rendering

the metaphor. Which of the methods of translation are actually domesticating

and which ones foreignizing? In the following section I will cite some

examples of metaphor translation from two translation textbooks, two dictionaries

and two articles as the source for the analysis.

誰能翻譯一下這些專業詞匯

翻譯軟件很好用嗎？摘錄樓上的：

Counts the teacher title

翻譯回去就是：數老師頭銜

The nation 買粉絲unts the teacher qualifications test

翻譯回去就是：國家數數老師資格考試

此師非彼師，機器哪能分得清。不理解這些詞的真實意思怎么翻譯！其它的不想說了。

今天有時間，還是動動手吧：

機關公務員Governmental Official

調控處Control Centre(不知是調控什么方面的，這個翻譯其實指設備等的控制中心)

統計師職稱Statistician Title (在句子里可以不用title的)

商業大專班Junior Course of Commerce

商業統計和社會綜合統計Commerc

很赞哦!（795）