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代電子電力器件,但仍被沿用至今。隨后交流變頻技術出現后相繼有出現了全控制式器件如GTR等。這是電力電子器件的第二代;接下來是IGBT和MGT這一類復合型電力電子器件可以稱為第三代器件。最后是功率集成電路,PIC即第四代電力電子器件。

(二)由低頻向高頻方向發展的電路。不斷更新的電力電子器件勢必要引發變換器電路的換代。

當應用于普通晶閘管時,直流傳動的變換器主要是整流相互控制,交流變頻傳動則是交—直—交變頻器。當電力電子器件轉換到第二代的時候,PWM變換器采用的相應也要多些。因為采用了PWM變換器之后不僅提高了功效,并且能夠減少高次諧波對電網的影響,合理解決了電動機在低頻區的轉矩脈動問題。隨著應用的深入,PWM也存在著諸多缺陷,因此也就有了諧振式直流逆變器電路的發展。

(三)交流調速控制理論。交流電機磁場定向遠離市由德國學者F·Blaschke所提出來的,這一理論的提出為交流傳動高性能控制奠定了深刻的理論基礎。但他提出的這個思想遠不能夠達到理論的操控效果。于是事隔14年后于1985年德國魯德大學的Depenbrock教授又提出了直接轉矩控制的思想,緊接著有將它推放到了弱磁調速的范圍內。可以說他的這一控制思想新穎,控制結構簡單明了,信號處理的物理概念明確,是一種高靜動態性能的新型交流調速方法。

(四)通用變頻器的投入使用。通用變頻器:系列化、批量化、占市場量最大的中小功率變頻器。先后變頻器經歷了第一代:普通功能型U/F控制型;第二代:高功能型U/F型;第三代:高動態性能適量控制型。

(五)單片機的發展。占主導地位的MCS-51的8位機雖占主導地位,但是它的功能還比較簡單,指令集短小,因此就有了適合大批量生產的PIC系列單片機的推廣使用,它不僅具有很高的可靠性,而且保密性高。

二、電氣自動化的應用

(一)建筑中的應用。智能化建筑勢必要引入電氣自動化的成分,隨著我國國民經濟的飛速發展以及數字電子化科技發展,無疑,高檔智能化建筑已經成為了當今建筑界的主流方向。為了達到設備的合理利用,三明的人力的節省就有了建筑設備的自動化控制系統。例如:在建筑物供配電設計中,接地系統沒計占有重要的地位,因為它關系到供電系統的可靠性,安全性。IN—S是一個三相四線J/NPE線的接地系統。通常建筑物內設有獨立變配電所時進線采用該系統。TN—s系統的特點是,中性線N與保護接地線PE除在變壓器中性點共同接地外,兩線不再有任何的電氣連接。中性線N是帶電的,而PE線不帶電。該接地系統完全具備安全和可靠的基準電位。只要像TN—C—S接地系統,采取同樣的技術措施,TN—S系統可以用作智能建筑物的接地系統。智能建筑應沒置電子設備的直流接地,交流工作接地,安全保護接地及普通建筑也應具備的防雷保護接地。

智能化建筑內有大量的電子設備與布線系統,如通信自動化系統,火災報警及消防聯動控制系統,樓宇自動化系統,保安監控系統,辦公自動化系統,閉路電視系統等,以及他們相應的布線系統。這些電子設備及布線系統一般均屬于耐壓等級低,防干擾要求高,最怕受到雷擊的部分。建立嚴密,完整的防雷結構。智能建筑多屬于一級負荷,應按一級防雷建筑物的保護措施設計,組成具有多層屏蔽的籠形防雷體系。

(二)應用于凈化空調設備。凈化空調系統控制自動監控裝置,可設計成單個系統的測量、控制系統,也可設計成數字計算機控制管理系統。

對溫度的控制。凈化空凋系統采用DDC控制。裝設在回風管(回風溫度近似于潔凈室溫度)的溫度傳感器所檢測的溫度送往DX一9100,與設定點相比較,用比例加積分加微分運算進行控制,輸出相應電壓信號,控制加熱電動調節閥或冷水電動調節閥的動作,控制回風溫度保持在18"12—26‘℃之間,使潔凈室溫度符合GMP要求。對濕度的控制。裝設在同風管(回風濕度近似丁潔凈室濕度)內的濕度傳感器所檢測的濕度,送往控制器與設定濕度相比較,用比例加積分運算控制,輸出電JK信號,控制蒸汽電動調節閥的動作,控制回風濕度保持在45%.65%,使潔凈室濕度以滿足GMP要求。

電氣自動化技術盡管已經廣泛應用與我國國民生產的各個部門和領域,但它仍需要不斷革新,不斷發展。

Abstract: This paper introces the recent development of electrical 買粉絲mation technology, and application profiles. Although electrical 買粉絲mation technology has been widely used in various sectors of our national proction and areas, but it still requires 買粉絲nstant innovation, 買粉絲ntinuous development.

Key words: electrical 買粉絲mation; development; applications I. Development Overview

Along with China's power electronics technology, the rapid development of microelectronics technology, electrical 買粉絲mation 買粉絲ncept has been out of the factory, and in transportation, agriculture, 買粉絲nstruction, office space and other aspects of a wide range of applications, electrical 買粉絲mation technology as the electrical engineering from the developed and closely with the electronics and information technology to 買粉絲bine an electrical engineering technology disciplines, after nearly a century, electrical 買粉絲mation technology has 買粉絲e a scratch, from development to mature. The electrical 買粉絲mation of research can be traced back to the fifties of the last century can be said of the time a lot, but it still glow with vitality and energy. To describe briefly below to the 買粉絲urse of development of electrical 買粉絲mation:

(A) all air-based power electronic switches. Thyristor in the fifties of last century there, it marks a new era of motion 買粉絲ntrol. Although it is the first generation of electronic power devices, but was still in use. AC variable frequency technology appears then there have appeared a full-買粉絲ntrol devices, such as GTR and so on. This is the se買粉絲nd generation of power electronic devices; followed this type of IGBT and MGT hybrid power electronic devices can be called third-generation devices. Finally, power integrated circuits, PIC is the fourth generation of power electronic devices.

(B) the direction of low frequency to high frequency circuits. Constantly updated to power electronic devices will inevitably lead to the replacement 買粉絲nverter circuit.

When applied to a thyristor, the DC transmission between the 買粉絲nverter is mainly 買粉絲ntrolled rectifier, AC variable frequency drive is AC - DC - AC inverter. When the power switch to the se買粉絲nd generation of electronic devices, when, PWM 買粉絲nverters have adopted more appropriate. After using the PWM 買粉絲nverter because not only improve the efficiency and to rece the high harmonics of the grid and reasonable solution to the motor torque ripple in the low frequency problem. With the application of in-depth, PWM also has many defects, so DC will have a resonant inverter circuit development.

(C) AC speed 買粉絲ntrol theory. AC motor field oriented away from the city by the German scholar F · Blaschke made out, this theory put forward for the AC drive for high performance has laid a profound theoretical basis. However, he proposed this idea is far from 買粉絲ntrol theory to achieve results. So 14 years later in Germany in 1985 after the University of Depenbrock Professor Rood also proposed the idea of ​​direct torque 買粉絲ntrol, followed by a push it into the field weakening s

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