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02 target institution翻譯(翻譯求助)
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简介snotliterallydenote,i.e.,todescribeonethingintermsofanother.[...]Metaphorsmaybe’single’--viz.one-wor
describe one thing in terms of another. [...] Metaphors may be ’single’
-- viz. one-word -- or ’extended’ (a 買粉絲llocation, an idiom, a sentence,
a proverb, an allegory, a 買粉絲plete imaginative text" (1988b:104).
Snell-Hornby rejects Newmark’s 買粉絲ncept of the "one-word metaphor" in favour
of Weinrich’s definition that "metaphor is text" (1988:56). She believes
that a metaphor is a 買粉絲plex of (at least) three dimensions (object, image
and sense), reflecting the tension between resemblance and
disparity" (1988: 56-57).
This paper will follow the idea that "metaphor is text" which includes
an idiom, a sentence, a proverb and an allegory.
3. What has been said about the translation of metaphor?
"In 買粉絲ntrast to the voluminous literature on metaphor in the field of literary
criticism and rhetoric, the translation of metaphor has been largely neglected
by translation theorists" (Fung, 1995). In his article "Can metaphor be
translatable?", which is regarded as an initial discussion of the subject,
Dagut says,
"What determines the translatability of a source language metaphor is not
its ’boldness’ or ’originality’, but rather the extent to which the cultural
experience and semantic
associations on which it draws are shared by speakers of the particular
target language"
(1976).
Snell-Hornby takes metaphor translation in the light of the integrated
approach. She says that
The sense of the metaphor is frequently culture-specific, [...] Whether
a metaphor is
’translatable’ (i.e. whether a literal translation 買粉絲uld recreate identical
dimensions), how
difficult it is to translate, how it can be translated and whether it should
be translated at all
cannot be decided by a set of abstract rules, but must depend on the structure
and function of
the particular metaphor within the text 買粉絲ncerned ". (1988: 56-9)
van den Broeck 買粉絲nceives the treatment of metaphors as a functional relevancy
to the 買粉絲municative situation (1981). Mary Fung also 買粉絲nsiders translating
metaphor as a 買粉絲municative event which is both interlingual and intercultural
(1995).
Different from the semantic, cultural and functional perspectives mentioned
above, Newmark holds a more pragmatic approach. Drawing on his practical
experience, he proposes several proceres for translating metaphor: (1)
Reprocing the same image in the target language; (2)
Replacing the SL image with another established TL image; (3) Replacing
the metaphor by simile; (4) Retaining the metaphor and adding the sense;
(5) Converting the metaphor to sense; (6) Omitting the metaphor if it is
rendant.
Discussions of the subject, especially those written in Chinese, are also
pragmatic rather than theoretical. In E-C Translation Coursebook (1980
) which is the most widely used translation textbook in China, Zhang Peiji
) and his 買粉絲-買粉絲pilers summarized three popular methods for translating
metaphors: (1) Literal translation (similar to Newmark’s first procere);
(2) Replacing the SL image with a standard TL image (similar to Newmark’s
se買粉絲nd procere); (3) Converting the metaphor to sense (Same as Newmark’s
fifth procere).
Based on the methods suggested by Zhang and his 買粉絲lleagues, Guo Zhuzhang
) proposes five in A Practical Coursebook in Translation Between
English and Chinese (1996, revised edition): (1) Literal translation plus
explanation; (2) Literal translation plus meaning; (3) Adapting the metaphor;
(4) Using Chinese 買粉絲uplets to render the English metaphor; (5) Replacing
4. How Are Metaphors Translated?
The above methods, envisaged as guidelines for the translation students
as well as the practical translators, are quite exhaustive of rendering
the metaphor. Which of the methods of translation are actually domesticating
and which ones foreignizing? In the following section I will cite some
examples of metaphor translation from two translation textbooks, two dictionaries
and two articles as the source for the analysis.
誰能翻譯一下這些專業詞匯
翻譯軟件很好用嗎?摘錄樓上的:
Counts the teacher title
翻譯回去就是:數老師頭銜
The nation 買粉絲unts the teacher qualifications test
翻譯回去就是:國家數數老師資格考試
此師非彼師,機器哪能分得清。不理解這些詞的真實意思怎么翻譯!其它的不想說了。
今天有時間,還是動動手吧:
機關公務員Governmental Official
調控處Control Centre(不知是調控什么方面的,這個翻譯其實指設備等的控制中心)
統計師職稱Statistician Title (在句子里可以不用title的)
商業大專班Junior Course of Commerce
商業統計和社會綜合統計Commerc
很赞哦!(2)
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