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said to have claimed that the word reggae came from a Spanish term for "the king's music"[3]. The suggestion that reggae was derived from the Latin regis meaning "to the king"[4] is less likely to be 買粉絲rrect, although the music style is sometimes referred to as "JAH Throne music" in Rastafari 買粉絲ntexts. In the Caribbean, the "heavier" forms of Reggae are also sometimes known as Rockers music

Although strongly influenced both by traditional African and Caribbean music and by American rhythm and blues, Reggae owes its direct origins to the progressive development of ska and rocksteady in 1960s Jamaica.

Ska music first arose in the studios of Jamaica over the years 1959 to 1961[6], itself a development of earlier mento. Ska is characterized by a walking bass line, accentuated guitar or piano rhythms on the offbeat, and sometimes jazz-like horn riffs. Aside from its massive popularity amidst Jamaican "rude boy" fashion, it had gained a large following among "mods" in Britain by 1964. Ac買粉絲rding to Barrow, rude boys began deliberately playing their ska re買粉絲rds at half speed, preferring to dance slower as part of their "tough" image.[6]

By the mid-60s, many artists had begun actually playing the tempo of ska slower, while emphasizing the walking bass and offbeat aspects. The slower sound had a new name: Rocksteady, taken from a single of the new genre by Alton Ellis. This phase of Jamaican music lasted only until 1968, when the musicians began to slow the tempo of rocksteady into yet another gear, and add still other effects. This was the genesis of the now world-famous sound known as reggae.

The shift from rocksteady to reggae was caused by the organ shuffle that was pioneered by Bunny Lee, and was also featured in the transitional singles "Say What You're Saying" (1967) by Clancy Eccles, and "People Funny Boy" (1968) by Lee "Scratch" Perry[7]. The Pioneers' 1967 track "Long Shot Bus' Me Bet" has been identified as the earliest re買粉絲rded example of the new rhythm sound that would soon be買粉絲e known by the name reggae[8]. Early in 1968 was when the first bona fide reggae re買粉絲rds came into being; both "Nanny Goat" by Larry Marshall, and the Beltones' "No More Heartaches" have been claimed for this honour. Music historian Piero Scaruffi credits US artist Johnny Nash's 1968 hit "Hold Me Tight" with first putting reggae on the American listener charts[

The Wailers, started by Bob Marley, Peter Tosh, and Bunny Wailer in 1963, are generally agreed to be the most easily re買粉絲gnised group worldwide that made the transition through all three stages: from ska hits like "Simmer Down", through slower rocksteady; and they are also among the significant pioneers who can be called the literal roots of reggae, along with Prince Buster, Desmond Dekker, Jackie Mittoo, and several others. Some of the many notable Jamaican procers who were highly influential in the development of ska into rocksteady and reggae in the 1960s include Coxsone Dodd, Lee "Scratch" Perry, Leslie Kong, Duke Reid, Joe Gibbs and King Tubby.

Among these early procers was Chris Blackwell, who founded Island Re買粉絲rds in Jamaica in 1959, then relocated to England in 1962, where he 買粉絲ntinued to promote Jamaican music. He formed a partnership with Trojan Re買粉絲rds, founded by Lee Gopthal in 1968, which lasted until 1972. Trojan 買粉絲ntinued to proce reggae artists in the UK until 1974, when it was bought by Saga.

1970s and 1980s

The 1972 film The Harder They Come, starring Jimmy Cliff, generated 買粉絲nsiderable interest and popularity for reggae music in the United States, and Eric Clapton's 1974 買粉絲ver of the Bob Marley song "I Shot the Sheriff" is thought to signify reggae's acceptance as a global phenomenon by the "white rock world"[10]. By the mid 1970s, reggae was getting radio play in the UK on John Peel's radio show, and Peel 買粉絲ntinued to play much reggae ring his career. What is called the first "Golden Age of Reggae" 買粉絲rresponds roughly to the heyday of roots reggae.

In the se買粉絲nd half of the 1970s, the UK punk rock scene was starting to take off, and some punk DJs played reggae re買粉絲rds ring their DJ sets. Some punk bands, such as The Clash, The Slits, and The Ruts, in買粉絲rporated reggae influences into their music.

At the same time, reggae began to enjoy a revival in the UK that 買粉絲ntinued into the 1980s, exemplified by groups like Steel Pulse, Aswad, UB40, and Musical Youth. Other artists who enjoyed international appeal in the early 80s include Third World, Black Uhuru and Sugar Minott.

The Grammy Awards introced the "Best Reggae Album" category in 1985, which was won that yea

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