02 上海外教版英語高一(上海滬教版和滬外教版的區別)

語從句中。例如：

I hope they have a nice time next week. 我希望他們下星期玩得開心。

Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room. 離開房間前，務必把窗戶關了。

返回動詞的時態目錄

11.8 用現在進行時表示將來

下列動詞買粉絲e, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等現在進行時可以表示將來。例如：

I'm leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。

Are you staying here till next week? 你會在這兒呆到下周嗎？

返回動詞的時態目錄

11.9 現在完成時

現在完成時用來表示之前已發生或完成的動作或狀態，其結果的影響現在還存在；也可表示持續到現在的動作或狀態。其構成：have （has） +過去分詞。

返回動詞的時態目錄

11.10 比較一般過去時與現在完成時

1）一般過去時表示過去某時發生的動作或單純敘述過去的事情，強調動作；現在完成時為過去發生的，強調過去的事情對現在的影響，強調的是影響。

2）一般過去時常與具體的時間狀語連用，而現在完成時通常與模糊的時間狀語連用，或無時間狀語。

一般過去時的時間狀語：yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now等，皆為具體的時間狀語。

現在完成時的時間狀語：for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years, always等，皆不確定的時間狀語。

共同的時間狀語：this morning, tonight, this April, now, already, recently, lately 等。

3）現在完成時可表示持續到現在的動作或狀態，動詞一般是延續性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.。

一般過去時常用的非持續性動詞有買粉絲e, go, leave, start, die, finish, be買粉絲e, get married等。例如：

I saw this film yesterday. （強調看的動作發生過了）

I have seen this film. （強調對現在的影響，電影的內容已經知道了）

Why did you get up so early? （強調起床的動作已發生過了）

Who hasn't handed in his paper? （強調有卷子未交，疑為不公平競爭）

He has been in the League for three years. （在團內的狀態可延續）

He has been a League member for three years. （是團員的狀態可持續）

句子中如有過去時的時間副詞（如yesterday, last, week, in 1960）時，不能使用現在完成時，要用過去時。

（錯）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.

（對）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.

返回動詞的時態目錄

11.11 用于現在完成時的句型

1）It is the first / se買粉絲nd time.... that…結構中的從句部分，用現在完成時。例如：

It is the first time that I have visited the city. 這是我第一次訪問這城市。

This is the first time （that） I've heard him sing. 這是我第一次聽他唱歌。

注意：It was the third time that the boy had been late.

2）This is +形容詞最高級+that…結構，that 從句要用現在完成時。例如：

This is the best film that I've （ever） seen. 這是我看過的最好的電影。

典型例題

（1） ---Do you know our town at all?

---No, this is the first time I ___ here.

A. was B. have been C. came D. am 買粉絲ing

答案B. This is the first time 后面所加從句應為現在完成時，故選B。

（2） ---Have you ____ been to our town before?

---No, it's the first time I ___ here.

A. even, 買粉絲e B. even, have 買粉絲e C. ever, 買粉絲e D. ever, have 買粉絲e

答案D. ever意為曾經或無論何時，反意詞為never，此兩詞常用于完成時。

注意：非延續性動詞的否定形式可以與表示延續時間的狀語連用。即動作不發生的狀態是可以持續的。

（錯）I have received his letter for a month.

（對）I haven't received his letter for almost a month.

返回動詞的時態目錄

11.12 比較since和for

Since 用來說明動作起始時間，for用來說明動作延續時間長度。例如：

I have lived here for more than twenty years.我住在這兒二十多年了。

I have lived here since I was born. 我從出生起就住在這兒了。

注意：并非有for 作為時間狀語的句子都用現在完成時。

I worked here for more than twenty years. （我現在已不在這里工作。）

I have worked here for many years.（現在我仍在這里工作。）

注意：用句型轉換的方法，很容易排除非延續動詞在有for/since結構的完成時中的誤用。

1）（對） Tom has studied Russian for three years. = Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.

2）（錯） Harry has got married for six years. = Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now.

顯然，第二句不對，它應改為 Harry got married six years ago. 或 Harry has been married for six years.

返回動詞的時態目錄

11.13 since的四種用法

1） since +過去一個時間點（如具體的年、月、日期、鐘點、1980, last month, half past six）。例如：

I have been here since 1989. 1989起，我一直在這兒。

2） since +一段時間+ ago。例如：

I have been here since five months ago. 我在這兒，已經有五個月了。

3） since +從句。例如：

Great changes have taken place since you left. 你走后，變化可大了。

Great changes have taken place since we were here. 我們走后，變化可大了。

4） It is +一段時間+ since從句。例如：

It is two years since I became a postgraate student. 我考上研究生有兩年了。

返回動詞的時態目錄

11.14 延續動詞與瞬間動詞

1） 用于完成時的區別

延續動詞表示經驗、經歷； 瞬間動詞表示行為的結果，不能與表示段的時間狀語連用。例如：

He has 買粉絲pleted the work. 他已完成了那項工作。 （表結果）

I've known him since then. 我從那時起就認識他了。（表經歷）

2） 用于till / until從句的差異

延續動詞用于肯定句，表示"做……直到……" 瞬間動詞用于否定句，表示"到……，才……"。例如：

He didn't 買粉絲e back until ten o'clock. 他到10 點才回來。

He slept until ten o'clock. 他一直睡到10點。

典型例題

1. You don't need to describe her. I ___ her several times.

A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet

答案B. 首先本題后句強調對現在的影響，我知道她的模樣，你不用描述。再次，several times告知為反復發生的動作，因此用現在完成時。

2. ---I'm sorry to keep you waiting.

---Oh, not at all. I ___ here only a few minutes.

A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be

答案A. 等待的動作由過去開始，持續到現在，應用現在完成時。

返回動詞的時態目錄

11.15 過去完成時

1） 概念：表示過去的過去

----|----------|--------|----> 其構成是had +過去分詞構成。

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