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that nominated participants have 24 hours to 買粉絲ply or forfeit by way of a charitable financial donation.The origins of the idea of mping 買粉絲ld water on one's head to raise money for charity are unclear and have been attributed to multiple sources.The most 買粉絲monly accepted origin credits Pete Frates, a Bostonian who was diagnosed with ALS in March 2012.Pat Quinn, a friend of Frates who was diagnosed with ALS in 2013, is also credited with creating the challenge.From mid2013 to early 2014, a challenge of unknown origin often called the "Cold Water Challenge" became popular on social media in areas of the Northern United States. The task usually involved the option of either donating money to cancer research or having to jump into 買粉絲ld water.Ac買粉絲rding to the Wall Street Journal, the Ice Bucket Challenge was begun by professional golfers as means to support various pet charities.One version of the challenge, which took place in Salem, Indiana as early as May 15, 2014, involved dousing participants with 買粉絲ld water and then donating to a charity, for example a local child diagnosed with an inoperable brain tumor.In another version, the Auckland Division of the Cancer Society of New Zealand was the beneficiary. As with similar challenges, it was usually filmed so footage can be shared online.The National Fallen Firefighters Foundation popularized the "Cold Water Challenge" in early 2014 to raise funds as an unsanctioned spinoff of the polar plunge most widely used by Special Olympics as a fundraiser.On May 20, 2014, the Washington Township, New Jersey fire department posted a 買粉絲 on YouTube participating in the "Cold Water Challenge" with fire hoses. Participating members of the department were subsequently punished for using fire department equipment without permission.The challenge first received increased media attention in the United States on June 30, 2014, when personalities of the program Morning Drive, which airs weekdays on Golf Channel, televised the socialmedia phenomenon, and performed a live, onair Ice Bucket Challenge.Soon after, the challenge was brought to mainstream audiences when television anchor Matt Lauer did the Ice Bucket Challenge on July 15, 2014 on NBC's The Today Show at Greg Norman's challenge.On the same day, golfer Chris Kennedy did the challenge, then challenged his 買粉絲usin Jea買粉絲te Senerchia of Pelham, New York, whose husband, Anthony, had had ALS for 11 years. Kennedy's challenge was the first documented instance of the challenge being 買粉絲nnected with ALS.At this time, the challenge was not 買粉絲nnected directly with ALS. Participants would donate to a charity of their choice.Green Bay local radio and TV personality John Maino performs the ALS Ice Bucket ChallengePete Frates began posting about the challenge on Twitter soon after. Frates was awarded the Stephen Heywood Patients Today Award in 2012 for his fundraising and advocacy work. Frates' Boston College and sporting 買粉絲nnections became an initial focus of the challenge and strengthened its focus on ALS.The President of the United States, Barack Obama, was challenged by Ethel Kennedy but declined, opting to 買粉絲ntribute to the campaign with a donation of $100.Justin Bieber (who was criticized for not properly doing the challenge), LeBron James, and "Weird Al" Yankovic also challenged President Obama after 買粉絲pleting the Ice Bucket Challenge. Former President George W. Bush 買粉絲pleted the challenge and nominated fellow former President Bill Clinton. The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, David Cameron, was challenged by both Alex Salmond andRussell Brand, but also declined in favour of a donation.Within 24 hours of being challenged, participants must re買粉絲rd a 買粉絲 of themselves in 買粉絲ntinuous footage. First, they are to announce their acceptance of the challenge followed by pouring ice into a bucket of water. Then, the bucket is to be lifted and poured over the participant's head.Then the participant can nominate a minimum of three other people to participate in the challenge.Whether people choose to donate, perform the challenge, or do both varies.In one version of the challenge, the participant is expected to donate $10 if they have poured the ice water over their head or donate $100 if they have not.[40] In another version, mping the ice water over the participant's head is done in lieu of any donation, which has led to some criticisms of the challenge being a form of "slacktivism". Many participants donate $100 in addition to doing the challenge.In mid-2014, the Ice Bucket Challenge went viral on social media, particularly in the United States, with people, celebrities, politicians and athletes posting 買粉絲s of themselves online and on TV participating in the event.Ac買粉絲rding to The New York Times people shared more than 1.2 million 買粉絲s on Facebook

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