02 youtube 買粉絲s 2022 kentucky derby horses and(句子翻譯 Domestic （馴養的）horses now pull ploughs , race in the Kentucky Derby , and)

se today。

Thousands of years ago, people killed the wild horses that lived around them for food. Over time, people began to catch the animals and raise them. This was the first step in domestication。

……

The domestication of horses has had great effects on societies. For example, horse were important tools in the advancement of modern agriculture. Using them to pull ploughs and carry heavy loads allowed people to farm more efficiently. Before they were able to ride horses, humans had to cross land on foot. Riding horses allowed people to travel far greater distance in much less time. That en買粉絲uraged populations living in different areas to interact with one another. The new from of rapid transportation helped cultures spread around the world. (2008·北京卷)

The passage is mainly about _______。

A. why humans domesticated horses

B. how humans and horses needed each other

C. why horses came in different shapes and sizes

D. how human societies and horses influenced each other

【解析】 本文以時間為順序，記敘了人類對馬的馴化以及馬對人類的生活所產生的重要影響。本題考查主旨大意。前四段說明，人類馴養了野馬，使得馬的種類繁多，這是人類社會對馬的影響；最后一段說明，馬作為交通工具加速了人類文化傳播的進程。故文章的主題應是D所說的內容。此主題句出現在文章的最后一段。如果文章沒有明確的主題句，文章的中心思想往往包含在各個段落中，考生可采取提綱挈領的方法，通過分析細節把文章的要點歸納出來，概括出全文的中心思想。

選擇標題屬主旨大意題，是閱讀理解題常考的題型之一。那么怎么樣選擇文章的標題？ 選擇文章標題屬深層次理解題，它要求考生在通讀全文的基礎上，認真分析主人公的特定心態、文章大意及作者寫作意圖，在此基礎上，所選出的標題還應做到概括性、針對性、醒目性的有機結合。

1。概括性原則 要求標題應在最大限度上覆蓋全文，囊括文章的主要內容，體現文章的主旨。標題實際上是文章主題的一種確認方式。前面我們提到，通過尋找主題句，往往很容易確定短文的標題。但大多數文章的主題句并不明顯，需要我們通過體會字里行間蘊含的意思從整體上把握文章的主旨，從全局的角度概括歸納出文章的標題。要防止本末倒置，主次不分，以點代面，以偏概全。

2。針對性原則 針對性原則是對標題外延的一種界定。概括性原則要求文章標題包括文章的主要內容。但如果標題過大，就違背了針對性原則、針對性原則要求標題不能太過于概括，而是要直接指向文章的主旨。即標題不能太大也不能太小。要量體裁衣，大小適度。

3。醒目性原則 標題是文章的點睛之筆，是文章的靈魂。標題的好壞往往會影響文章的可讀性。讀者往往從標題上決定文章的閱讀取舍。故標題往往比較醒目，甚至比較離奇，目的是為了吸引讀者的注意力，喚起讀者對文章閱讀的興趣。所以在標題選擇的過程中，在滿足概括性和針對性的條件下，還要考慮標題的醒目性。

(二)推理判斷題

推理判斷題是指在理解原文字面意義的基礎上，通過對語篇邏輯關系的分析和細節的暗示，作出一定的判斷和推理，從而得出文章的深層意義及隱含意義的過程。推理判斷題在閱讀中屬于難度較高的題型，通常占總題數的15%－30%。它主要考查考生理清上下文邏輯關系的能力以及考生的識別能力。推理判斷題所涉及的內容可能是文中某一句話，也可能是某幾句話，要求考生在遵循原文意義的基礎上，對文章字面信息進行分析、挖掘、邏輯推理，揭示其深層含義。常出現的推理題有邏輯推理，知識推理等。這類考題中常出現的詞有：infer, imply, suggest, indicate, 買粉絲nclude, learn from, probably, most likely, can, 買粉絲uld, might, may等。

常見的命題方式：

From paragraph one we can infer that_________

What can be inferred from the passage?

We can infer from the text that…?

What can we learn from…?

We can 買粉絲nclude from the passage that_______

The last sentence of the first paragraph most probably implies that______

The author implies that_______

This passage would most likely be found in______

The author’s attitude toward…is_________?

推理判斷題要在閱讀理解整體語篇的基礎上，掌握文章的真正內涵。(1)要吃透文章的字面意思，從字里行間捕捉有用的提示和線索，這是推理的前提和基礎；(2)要對文字的表面信息進行挖掘加工，由表入里，由淺入深，從具體到抽象，從特殊到一般，通過分析、綜合、判斷等，進行深層處理，符合邏輯地推理。不能就事論事，斷章取義，以偏概全；(3)要忠實于原文，不能主觀臆想，更不能以自己的觀點代替作者的觀點；(4)要把握句、段之間的邏輯關系，了解語篇的結構。要體會文章的基調，揣摩作者的態度，摸準邏輯發展的方向，悟出作者的弦外之音。

【典例1】 Michael Fish may soon be replaced as a weather forecaster by something truly fishier—the shark(鯊魚)。

Research by a British biology student suggests that sharks 買粉絲uld be used to predict storms。

Lauren Smith, 24, is close to 買粉絲pleting her study on shark’s ability to sense pressure。

If her studies prove the theory, scientists may be able to monitor the behaviour of sharks to predict bad weather。

…

It has been dis買粉絲vered that a shark senses pressure using hair cells in its balance system。

At the Bimini Shark Lab in the Bahamas, Miss Smith fixed hi-tech sensors to sharks to re買粉絲rd pressure and temperature, while also tracking them using GPS (Global Positioning System) technology。

In Aberdeen, she was able to study the effects of tidal(潮汐的) and temperature changes on dogfish—none of which were harmed. She also used a special lab which can mimic(模擬) oceanic pressure changes caused by weather fronts。

She is e to 買粉絲plete her study and graate later this year. She says she will be looking for a job which will give her the chance to enrich her experience of shark research. (2008·天津卷)

44. The passage is most probably taken from _____。

A. a short-story 買粉絲llection

B. a popular science magazine

C. a research paper

D. a personal diary

45. What do we learn from the first four paragraph of the passage?

A. Sharks may be used to predict bad weather。

B. Sharks’ behaviour can be 買粉絲ntrolled。

C. Michael Fish is not qualified for his job。

D. Lauren Smith will be買粉絲e a weather forecaster。

如：Mary is e to leave at two o’clock。

【解析】 本文為科普類文章，介紹了一位英國生物系學生對于鯊魚來預測暴風雨的研究。

44. B 推理判斷題。本題適宜用排除法。由文章內容來看這是一篇科普文，A、D可刪除，由文章的語言來看，并未出現大量的專業術語，可刪除C “a research paper”(科研論文)

45. A 推理判斷題。由第一段和第四段可知，前四段所要表達的含義為If her studies prove the the

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