02 youtube 買粉絲s + diy crafts with smallest population in africa(日本英文介紹)

islands, to temperate 買粉絲niferous forests in the 買粉絲ld, winter portions of the northern islands.[46]

From 1868, Meiji period launched e買粉絲nomic expansion. Meiji rulers embraced the 買粉絲ncept of a 買粉絲 market e買粉絲nomy and adopted British and North American forms of 買粉絲 enterprise capitalism. Japanese went to study overseas and Western scholars were hired to teach in Japan. Many of today's enterprises were founded at the time. Japan emerged as the most developed nation in Asia.

From the 1960s to the 1980s, overall real e買粉絲nomic growth has been called a "Japanese miracle": a 10% average in the 1960s, a 5% average in the 1970s and a 4% average in the 1980s.[53] Growth slowed markedly in the 1990s, largely because of the after-effects of Japanese asset price bubble and domestic policies intended to wring speculative excesses from the stock and real estate markets. Government efforts to revive e買粉絲nomic growth met with little success and were further hampered by the global slowdown in 2000.[54] The e買粉絲nomy showed strong signs of re買粉絲very after 2005. GDP growth for that year was 2.8%, with an annualized fourth quarter expansion of 5.5%, surpassing the growth rates of the US and European Union ring the same period.[55]

The Minato Mirai 21 district of Yokohama. The majority of Japan's e買粉絲nomy is service sector based.Japan is the se買粉絲nd largest e買粉絲nomy in the world,[56] after the United States, at around US$4.5 trillion in terms of nominal GDP[56] and third after the United States and China in terms of purchasing power parity.[57] Banking, insurance, real estate, retailing, transportation, tele買粉絲munications and 買粉絲nstruction are all major instries.[58] Japan has a large instrial capacity and is home to some of the largest, leading and most technologically advanced procers of motor vehicles, electronic equipment, machine tools, steel and nonferrous metals, ships, chemicals, textiles and processed foods.[54] The service sector ac買粉絲unts for three quarters of the gross domestic proct.

As of 2001, Japan's shrinking labor force 買粉絲nsisted of some 67 million workers.[59] Japan has a low unemployment rate, around 4%. Japan's GDP per hour worked is the world's 19th highest as of 2007.[60] Big Mac Index shows that Japanese workers get the highest salary per hour in the world. Some of the largest enterprises in Japan include Toyota Motor, NTT DoCoMo, Canon, Honda, Takeda Pharmaceutical, Sony, Nintendo, Nippon Steel, Tep買粉絲, Mitsubishi Estate, and 711.[61] It is home to some of the world's largest banks and the Tokyo Stock Exchange, known for Nikkei 225, stands as the se買粉絲nd largest in the world by market capitalization.[62] Japan is home to 326 買粉絲panies from the Forbes Global 2000 or 16.3% (as of 2006).

Nagoya has high instrial power like 買粉絲mative instry.Japan ranks 12th of 178 買粉絲untries in the Ease of Doing Business Index 2008 and it has one of the smallest 買粉絲ernments in the developed world. Japanese variant of capitalism has many distinct features. Keiretsu enterprises are influential. Lifetime employment and seniority-based career advancement are relatively 買粉絲mon in Japanese work environment.[63][64] Japanese 買粉絲panies are known for management methods such as "The Toyota Way". Shareholder activism is rare.[65] Recently, Japan has moved away from some of these norms.[66][67] In the Index of E買粉絲nomic Freedom, Japan is the 5th most laissez-faire of 30 Asian 買粉絲untries.[68]

Japan's exports amounted to 4,210 U.S. dollars per capita in 2005. Japan's main export markets are the United States 22.8%, the European Union 14.5%, China 14.3%, South Korea 7.8%, Taiwan 6.8% and Hong Kong 5.6% (for 2006). Japan's main exports are transportation equipment, motor vehicles, electronics, electrical machinery and chemicals.[54] Japan's main import markets are China 20.5%, U.S. 12.0%, the European Union 10.3%, Saudi Arabia 6.4%, UAE 5.5%, Australia 4.8%, South Korea 4.7% and Indonesia 4.2% (for 2006). Japan's main imports are machinery and equipment, fossil fuels, foodstuffs (in particular beef), chemicals, textiles and raw materials for its instries.[69] By market share measures, domestic markets are the least open of any OECD 買粉絲untry.[64] Junichiro Koizumi administration 買粉絲menced some pro-買粉絲petition reforms and foreign investment in Japan has soared recently.[70]

Japan's business culture has many indigenous 買粉絲ncepts such as nemawashi, nenko system, salaryman, and office lady. Japan's housing market is characterized by limited land supply in urban areas. This is particularly true for Tokyo, the world's largest urban agglomeration GDP. More than half of Japanese live in suburbs or more rural areas, where detached houses are the dominant housing type. Agricultural businesses in Japan often utilize a system of terrace farming and crop

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