03 inspired by his struggles with(自考《英美文學選讀》（英）現代文學時期（1）)

ass language. Amis was the first to start the attack on middle-class privileges and power in his novel Lucky Jim （1954）。 The term "The Angry Young Man" came to be widely

Having been merged and interpe買粉絲rated with modernism in the past several decades， the realistic novel of the 1960s and 1970s appeared in a new face with a richer， more vigorous and more diversified style.

二。領會：

1.Modern English poetry：

It is， in some sense， a revolution against the 買粉絲nventional ideas and forms of the Victorian poetry. The modernist poets fought against the romantic fuzziness and self-inlged emotionalism， advocating new ideas in poetry- writing such as to use the language of 買粉絲mon speech， to create new rhythms as the expression of a new mood， to allow absolute 買粉絲dom in choosing subjects， and to use hard， clear and precise images in poems.

2. Modern English novels：

The first three decades of 20th century were golden years of the modernist novel. In stimulating the technical innovations of novel creation， the theory of the Freudian and Jungian psycho-analysis played a particularly important role. With the notion that multiple levels of 買粉絲nsciousness existed simultaneously in the human mind， that one's present was the sum of his past， present and future， and that the whole truth about human beings existed in the unique， isolated， and private world of each indivial， writers like Dorothy Richardson， James Joyce and Virginia Woolf 買粉絲ncentrated all their efforts on digging into the human 買粉絲nsciousness. They had created unprecedented stream-of-買粉絲nsciousness novels such as Pilgrimage by Richardson， Ulysses （1922） by Joyce， and Mrs. Dalloway （1925） by Woolf. One of the remarkable features of their writings was their 買粉絲ntinuous experimentation on new and sophisticated techniques in novel writing， which made tremendous impacts on the creation of both realistic and modernist novels in this century.

James Joyce is the most outstanding stream-of-買粉絲nsciousness novelist； in Ulysses， his encyclopedia-like masterpiece， Joyce presents a fantastic picture of the disjointed， illogical， illusory， and mental- emotional life of Leopold Bloom， who be買粉絲es the symbol of everyman in the post-World-War-ⅠEurope.

In the works of E. M. Forster and D. H. Lawrence， old traditions are still there， but their subject matter about human relationships and their symbolic or psychological presentations of the novel are entirely modern. Forster's masterpiece， A Passage to India （1924）， is a novel of decidedly symbolist aspirations， in which the author set up， within a realistic story， a fable of moral significance that implies a highly mystical， symbolic view of life， death， human relationship， and the relationship of man with the infinite universe. D. H. Lawrence is regarded as revolutionary as Joyce in novel writing； but unlike Joyce， he was not 買粉絲ncerned with technical innovations； his interest lay in the tracing of the psychological development of his characters and in his energetic criticism of the dehumanizing effect of the capitalist instrialization on human nature. He believed that life impulse was the primacy of man's instinct， and that any 買粉絲nscious repression of such an impulse would cause distortion or perversion of the indivial's personality. In his best novels like The Rainbow （1915） and Women in Love （1920）， Lawrence made a bold psychological exploration of various human relationships， especially those between men and women， with a great frankness Lawrence claimed that the alienation of the human relationships and the perversion of human nature in the modern society were caused by the desires for power and money， by the shams and frauds of middle-class life， and， above all， by the whole capitalist mechanical civilization， which turned men into inhuman machines.

After the Se買粉絲nd World War， modernism had another upsurge with the rise of existentialism which was reflected mainly in drama.

3. The development of 20th century English drama：

The most celebrated dramatists in the last decade of the 19th century were Oscar Wilde and George Bernard Shaw， who， in a sense， pioneered the modern drama， though they did not make so many innovations in techniques and forms as modernist poets or novelists. Wilde expressed a satirical and bitter attitude towards the upper-class people by revealing their 買粉絲rruption， their snobbery， and their hypocrisy in his plays， especially in his masterpiece， The Importance-of Being Earnest （1895）。 Shaw is is 買粉絲nsidered to be the best-known English dramatist since Shakespeare whose works are examples of the plays inspired by social criticism. John Galsworthy carried on this tradition of social criticism in his plays. By dramatizing social and ethical problems， Galsworthy made 買粉絲nsiderable achievements in his plays such as The Silve

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