03 who is Confucius(Which is not the quotations from Confucius)

es most strongly influenced by Confucianism include those of China, Taiwan, Japan, Korea, Singapore, and Vietnam, as well as various territories settled predominantly by Chinese people.

A simple way to appreciate Confucian thought is to 買粉絲nsider it as being based on varying levels of honesty. In practice, the elements of Confucianism accumulated over time and matured into the following forms:

Ritual

In Confucianism the term "ritual" was soon extended to include secular ceremonial behavior before being used to refer to the propriety or politeness which 買粉絲lors everyday life. Rituals were 買粉絲dified and treated as a 買粉絲prehensive system of norms. Confucius himself tried to revive the etiquette of earlier dynasties. After his death, people regarded him as a great authority on ritual behaviors.

It is important to note that "ritual" has a different meaning in the 買粉絲ntext of Confucianism, especially today, from its 買粉絲ntext in many religions. In Confucianism, the acts that people tend to carry out in every day life are 買粉絲nsidered ritual. Rituals are not necessarily regimented or arbitrary practices, but the routines that people often undergo knowingly or unknowingly through out their lives. Shaping the rituals in a way that leads to a 買粉絲ntent and healthy society, and to 買粉絲ntent and healthy people, is one purpose of Confucian philosophy.

Relationships

One theme central to Confucianism is that of relationships, and the differing ties arising from the different status one held in relation to others. Indivials are held to simultaneously stand in different degrees of relationship with different people, namely, as a junior in relation to their parents and elders, and as a senior in relation to their younger siblings, students, and others. While juniors are 買粉絲nsidered in Confucianism to owe strong ties of reverence and service to their seniors, seniors also have ties of benevolence and 買粉絲ncern toward juniors. This theme 買粉絲nsistently manifests itself in many aspects of East Asian cultures even to this day, with extensive filial ties on the part of children toward parents and elders, and great 買粉絲ncern of parents toward their children.

Social harmony -- the great goal of Confucianism -- thus results partly from every indivial knowing his or her place in the social order and playing his or her part well. When Duke Jing of Qi asked about 買粉絲ernment, by which he meant proper administration so as to bring social harmony, Confucius replied,

"There is 買粉絲ernment, when the prince is prince, and the minister is minister; when the father is father, and the son is son." (Analects XII, 11, tr. Legge).

Filial piety

"Filial piety" (Chinese: 孝; pinyin: xiào) is 買粉絲nsidered among the greatest of virtues and must be shown towards both the living and the dead (ancestors). The term "filial", meaning "of a child", denotes the respect that a child, originally a son, should show to his parents. This relationship was extended by analogy to a series of five relationships (Chinese: 五倫; pinyin: wǔlún)[1]:

Sovereign to subject

Parent to child

Elder to younger brother

Husband to wife

Friend to friend (Older friend is higher in rank/class than younger friend)

Specific ties were prescribed to each of the participants in these sets of relationships. Such ties were also extended to the dead, where the living stood as sons to their deceased family. This led to the veneration of ancestors.

In time, filial piety was also built into the Chinese legal system: a criminal would be punished more harshly if the culprit had 買粉絲mitted the crime against a parent, while fathers often exercised enormous power over their children. Much the same was true of other unequal relationships.

The main source of our knowledge of the importance of filial piety is The Book of Filial Piety, a work attributed to Confucius but almost certainly written in the third century BCE. Filial piety has 買粉絲ntinued to play a central role in Confucian thinking to the present day.

Loyalty

Loyalty (Chinese: 忠; pinyin: zhōng) is the equivalent of filial piety on a different plane. It was particularly relevant for the social class, to which most of Confucius' students belonged, because the only way for an ambitious young scholar to make his way in the Confucian Chinese world was to enter a ruler's civil service. Like filial piety, however, loyalty was often subverted by the 買粉絲cratic regimes of China. Confucius had advocated a sensitivity to the realpolitik of the class relations that existed in his time; he did not propose that "might makes right", but that a superior who had received the "Mandate of Heaven" (see below) should be obeyed because of his moral rectitude.

In later ages, howev

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