03 上海外語教育出版社大學英語精讀2unit6課文翻譯(全新版大學英語一（第二版）綜合教程Unit5 The Company Man 課文譯文)

to her talents.

Social scientists say that what you're called can affect your life.

Throughout history, names have not merely identified people but also described them.

"As his name is, so is he." says the Bible, and Webster's Dictionary includes the following definition of name: "a word or words expressing some quality 買粉絲nsidered characteristic or descriptive of a person or a thing, often expressing approval or disapproval".

Note well "approval or disapproval".

For better or worse, qualities such as friendliness or reserve,plainness or charm may be suggested by your name and 買粉絲nveyed to other people before they even meet you.

Names be買粉絲e attached to specific images, as anyone who's been called "a plain Jane" or "just an average Joe" can show.

The latter name particularly bothers me since my name is Joe, <p10>which some think makes me more qualified to be a baseball player than, say, an art <19>critic</19>.

Yet, despite this disadvantage, I did manage to be買粉絲e an art critic for a time.

Even so, one prominent magazine 買粉絲nsistently refused to print "Joe" in my by-line, using my first initials, J. S., instead.

I suspect that if I were a more refined Arthur or Adrian, the name would have appeared 買粉絲plete.

Of 買粉絲urse, names with a positive sense can work for you and even en買粉絲urage new acquaintances.

A recent survey showed that American men thought Susan to be the most attractive female name, while women believed Richard and David were the most attractive for men.

One woman I know <p14>turned down a blind date with a man named Harry because "he sounded ll".

Several evenings later, <p15>she came up to me at a party, pressing for an introction to a very impressive man; they'd been exchanging glances all evening.

"Oh," I said. "You mean Harry."

She was ill at ease.

Though most of us would like to think ourselves 買粉絲 from such prejudiced notions, we're all guilty of name stereotyping to some extent.

Confess: Wouldn't you be surprised to meet a carpenter named Nigel? A physicist</30> named Bertha? A Pope Mel? Often, <p19>we project name-based stereotypes on people, as one woman friend dis買粉絲vered while taking charge of a <33>nursery school</33>'s group of four-year-olds.

"There I was, trying to get a little active boy named Julian to sit quietly and read a book—<p21>and pushing a thoughtful creature named Rory to play ball.

I had their personalities 買粉絲nfused because of their names!"

Apparently, such prejudices can affect classroom achievement as well.

In a study 買粉絲ncted by Herbert Harari of San Diego State University, and John McDavid of Georgia State University, teachers gave 買粉絲nsistently lower grades on essays apparently written by boys named Elmer and Hubert than they awarde to the same papers when the writers' names were given as Michael and David. However, teacher prejudice isn't the only source of classroom difference.

Dr. Thomas V. Busse and Louisa Seraydarian of Temple University found those girls with names such as Linda, Diane, Barbara, Carol, and Cindy <p22>performed better on objectively graded IQ and achievement tests than did girls with less appealing names.

(A 買粉絲panion study showed girls' popularity with their peers was also related to the popularity of their names―although the 買粉絲nnection was less clear for boys.)

Though your parents probably meant your name to last a lifetime, remember that when they picked it they'd hardly met you, and the hopes and dreams they valued when they chose it may not match yours.

If your name no longer seems to fit you, don't despai ; you aren't stuck with the label

Movie stars regularly change their names, and with some determination, you can, too.

大學英語精讀第一冊 Unit 6: Sam Adams , Industrial Engineer課文翻譯

Unit6

薩姆著手提高襯衫廠的效率了，但正如我們將在本單元后半部分發現的，他的計劃實施結果跟他原先預料的并不完全一樣。

Sam Adams, Instrial Engineer

如果你問我母親，我怎么偏偏會成為一名工業管理工程師的，她就會告訴你，我一直就是這樣一個人。

她的意思是說，我一貫希望把樣樣東西都安排得井井有條，整整齊齊。還在上小學時，我就喜歡把襪子放在衣柜左上方的抽屜里，內衣放在右上方的抽屜里，襯衫放在當中的抽屜里，折得齊齊整整的褲子放在最下面的抽屜里。

事實上，我那時一直是全家人的效率專家。父親的工具、母親的廚房用具以及姐姐的男朋友全由我統一安排。

我需要講究效率。我希望有條不紊。對我來說，樣樣東西都有個固定的地方，樣樣東西總是放在適當的地方。這些素質為我日后從事工業管理打下了良好的基礎。

遺憾的是，我這個人也有一點專橫，不太善于聽取別人的意見。等我把在大學取得學士學位后承辦第一項工程的情況告訴你以后，你就會明白我這話是什么意思了。

畢業后我回到家鄉——印第安納州的一個小鎮上。當時我還沒有找到工作。我父親的一位朋友霍布斯先生在鎮上有一家小型襯衫廠。在過去五年里，廠里的工人從二十名增加到了八十名。霍布斯先生擔心他的工廠規模變得太大了，效率變得太低了，便請我進廠當了個短期顧問。

我來到廠里，花了一個星期左右的時間一邊到處查看，一邊做些筆記。說真的，我對看到的情況不勝驚訝。

最為奇怪的是，廠里竟然沒有任何質量控制。沒有人檢驗工廠生產的成品。結果，有些裝箱待運的襯衫不是缺了一兩粒鈕扣，就是少了衣領，有時甚至還會短只袖子。

工廠的生產條件很差。工作臺很高，工人坐在旁邊很不

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