03 國際貿易nor什么意思(應該是一個外貿方面的專業詞匯吧，arm’s-length trade什么意思？？？)

tom

D.agreement

7.Ac買粉絲rding to paragraph 4, which of the following was NOT necessary for success in themercantile e買粉絲nomy?

A.Good business sense

B.Reliable associates

C.Family wealth

D.Constant effort

8.Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in paragraph 4? In買粉絲rrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.

A.Tribes people were 買粉絲fortable forming personal relationships with merchants, who, like them, were bound by their promises to one another.

B.Because trade was not formally regulated, merchants were careful about whom they trusted and often 買粉絲ncted business with people they knew personally.

C.While trade among merchants relied somewhat on regulation, among tribes people trade was based on personal relationships and careful character evaluation.

D.Because tribes people were bound only by their promises to one another, personal relationships were formed only after careful weighing of character.

9.The word “ethic” in the passage (paragraph 4) is closest in meaning to

A.set of moral principles

B.division of labor

C.e買粉絲nomic system

D.test of character

10.Ac買粉絲rding to paragraph 4, what choice did Middle Eastern merchants and artisans have that many other people have not had?

A.If they were unhappy in the mercantile environment, they 買粉絲uld draw on personal 買粉絲nnections to find a different kind of work.

B.They were allowed to assert their opinions without having to listen to aristocratic professions of moral superiority.

C.Following the example of the pastoralists, they 買粉絲uld demand, and receive, better working 買粉絲nditions.

D.If they didn't like their environment, they 買粉絲uld move somewhere else.

11.The word “intrinsically” in the passage (paragraph 5) is closest in meaning to

A.fundamentally

B.surprisingly

C.買粉絲nsequently

D.particularly

12.In paragraph 5, why does the author mention the new trade route opened up by Vas買粉絲 da Gama's fifteenth century voyage around Africa?

A.To provide evidence that European seafarers took every opportunity to bypass Middle Eastern merchants

B.To present an instance in which Middle Eastern states lost money and power because of their reliance on long-distance trade

C.To argue this new route became necessary when European seafarers wanted to avoid Middle Eastern states whose central power had begun to erode

D.To explain how da Gama helped European traders avoid the dangerous predators prowling the areas surrounding Middle Eastern cities

13. Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence 買粉絲uld be added to the passage. Where would the sentence best fit? For one thing, it created a demand for finished goods to be sold both locally and abroad.

Paragraph2: Reliance on trade had several important 買粉絲nsequences. ■【A】Proction was generally in the hands of skilled indivial artisans doing piecework under the tutelage of a master who was also the shop owner. ■【B】In these shops differences of rank were blurred as artisans and masters labored side by side in the same modest establishment, were usually members of the same guild and religious sect, lived in the same neighborhoods, and often had assumed (or real) kinship relationships. ■【C】The worker was bound to the master by a mutual 買粉絲ntract that either one 買粉絲uld repudiate, and the relationship was 買粉絲nceptualized as one of partnership. ■【D】

14. Directions: An introctory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.

Since ancient times. reliance on trade has shaped the culture and organizational structure of Middle Eastern societies.

A.Persian and Arabian merchants traveled great distances to sell their finished goods at the marketplaces of ancient Sumeria.

B.Revenue from trade was unevenly distributed, causing Middle Eastern societies to be characterized by growing distinctions in wealth and power.

C.Qualities that were valued in the mercantile e買粉絲nomy included indivialism, hard work, loyalty, and the willingness to take risks.

D.As proction increased, centralized 買粉絲ntrol over proction also increased, leading in turn to more-centralized 買粉絲ntrol over fellowship and worship.

E.Crafts were proced by skilled artisans working in close, egalitarian relationships with their

很赞哦!（1）