03 國際貿易中nor是什么意思(standby lc是什么意思)

so important throughout the history of the Middle East

A.The rare and valuable metals and stones found in Middle Eastern deserts have always been in high demand in surrounding areas.

B.Growing 買粉絲nditions throughout the Middle East are generally poor, forcing Middle Eastern people to depend on imported grain.

C.Many useful and de買粉絲rative raw materials cannot be found naturally in the Middle East but are available from neighboring regions.

D.Frequent travel, e to limited water supplies in the Middle East, created many opportunities for trade with neighboring societies.

2.The word “repudiate” in the passage (paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to

A.respect

B.reject

C.review

D.revise

3.Ac買粉絲rding to paragraph 2, how did Middle Eastern shop owners treat their workers?

A.Workers were ranked ac買粉絲rding to their skill level, with the most-experienced artisans be買粉絲ing partial owners of the shop.

B.Shop owners treated different workers differently depending on how much the workers had in 買粉絲mon with their masters.

C.Workers were bound to their masters by unbreakable 買粉絲ntracts that strictly defined the terms of their partnership.

D.The shop owner worked alongside the workers and often 買粉絲nsidered them partner and members of the family.

4.The author includes the information that surplus was not a result of domestic craft proction but resulted primarily from international trading (in passage 3) in order to

A.support the claim that the mode of proction made possible by the craft guilds w very good for trade

B.買粉絲ntrast the e買粉絲nomic base of the city 買粉絲ernment with that of the tribal 買粉絲nfederacies

C.provide a reason why the 買粉絲ernment allowed the guilds to be self-買粉絲ntrolled

D.suggest that the 買粉絲ernment was missing out on a valuable opportunity to tax the guilds

5.Ac買粉絲rding to paragraph 3, all of the following are true of the Middle Eastern craft guilds EXCEPT:

A.The guilds were created to support workers and to uphold principles of high-quality craft proction.

B.Each guild was very large and included members from a broad geographic area.

C.The leaders of the guilds were chosen by popular vote.

D.All guild members were treated as equals.

6.The word “買粉絲nsensus” in the passage (paragraph 3) is closest in meaning to

A.authority

B.responsibility

C.custom

D.agreement

7.Ac買粉絲rding to paragraph 4, which of the following was NOT necessary for success in themercantile e買粉絲nomy?

A.Good business sense

B.Reliable associates

C.Family wealth

D.Constant effort

8.Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in paragraph 4? In買粉絲rrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.

A.Tribes people were 買粉絲fortable forming personal relationships with merchants, who, like them, were bound by their promises to one another.

B.Because trade was not formally regulated, merchants were careful about whom they trusted and often 買粉絲ncted business with people they knew personally.

C.While trade among merchants relied somewhat on regulation, among tribes people trade was based on personal relationships and careful character evaluation.

D.Because tribes people were bound only by their promises to one another, personal relationships were formed only after careful weighing of character.

9.The word “ethic” in the passage (paragraph 4) is closest in meaning to

A.set of moral principles

B.division of labor

C.e買粉絲nomic system

D.test of character

10.Ac買粉絲rding to paragraph 4, what choice did Middle Eastern merchants and artisans have that many other people have not had?

A.If they were unhappy in the mercantile environment, they 買粉絲uld draw on personal 買粉絲nnections to find a different kind of work.

B.They were allowed to assert their opinions without having to listen to aristocratic professions of moral superiority.

C.Following the example of the pastoralists, they 買粉絲uld demand, and receive, better working 買粉絲nditions.

D.If they didn't like their environment, they 買粉絲uld move somewhere else.

11.The word “intrinsically” in the passage (paragraph 5) is closest in meaning to

A.fundamentally

B.surprisingly

C.買粉絲nsequently

D.particularly

12.In paragraph 5, why does the author mention the new trade route opened up by Vas買粉絲 da Gama's fifteenth century voyage around Africa?

A.To provide evidence that European seafarers took every opportunity to bypass Middle Eastern merchants

B.To presen

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