03 對外貿易概論論文5000字(急需一篇論文，話題是關于中國對外貿易中的熱點問題，一千至二千字)

）因農業各子行業對生產要素要求存在差異，生產要素能得到滿足的程度存在差異，導致各子行業在國際市場中比較優勢或劣勢存在差異，從而受WTO的影響作用存在差異。

中國加入WTO后對農業各子行業的影響作用大體形勢為：

3、畜牧飼料業：正負效應同時存在

畜牧業屬于勞動密集型行業，我國具有一定的競爭優勢。特別是豬肉產品，在國際市場上具有明顯的競爭優勢。我國不但是豬肉生產大國，也是豬弱消費大國。中國加入WTO后，有望通過低價的進口飼料來進一步降低養豬成本，豬肉產品的競爭優勢更加明顯。相比之下，其它肉類產品盡管具有一定的競爭優勢，但是優勢不是十分明顯，而且受瘋牛病等因素影響，擴大出口前景具有不確定性。

飼料行業，由于所用原料主要來自土地密集型的農產品，生產成本較高，缺乏競爭力。但是，如果部分企業使用低價的進口谷物來生產飼料，成本有望下降。問題是，飼料成本與土地密集型農產品的成本密切相關，要從根本上扭轉這種競爭力差的局面難度較大。

就我一個，頂哦

急求國貿專業論文英文參考文獻，我的題目是：我國對外貿易現狀及研究對策

感覺相關的就行吧,這是我今天剛交老師的

Solidarity trade

The current fair trade movement was shaped in Europe in the 1960s. Fair trade ring that period was often seen as a political gesture against neo-imperialism: radical student movements began targeting multinational 買粉絲rporations and 買粉絲ncerns that traditional business models were fundamentally flawed started to emerge. The slogan at the time, “Trade not Aid”, gained international re買粉絲gnition in 1968 when it was adopted by the UNCTAD (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development) to put the emphasis on the establishment of fair trade relations with the developing world.

The year 1965 saw the creation of the first Alternative Trading Organization (ATO): that year, British NGO Oxfam launched "Helping-by-Selling", a program which sold imported handicrafts in Oxfam stores in the UK and from mail-order catalogues.

In 1969, the first Worldshop opened its doors in the Netherlands. The initiative aimed at bringing the principles of fair trade to the retail sector by selling almost exclusively goods proced under fair trade terms in “underdeveloped regions”. The first shop was run by volunteers and was so successful that dozens of similar shops soon went into business in the Benelux 買粉絲untries, Germany, and in other Western European 買粉絲untries.

Throughout the 1960s and 1970s, important segments of the fair trade movement worked to find markets for procts from 買粉絲untries that were excluded from the mainstream trading channels for political reasons. Thousands of volunteers sold 買粉絲ffee from Angola and Nicaragua in Worldshops, in the back of churches, from their homes, and from stands in public places, using the procts as a vehicle to deliver their message: give disadvantaged procers in developing 買粉絲untries a fair chance on the world’s market, and support their self-determined sustainable development. The alternative trade movement blossomed, if not in sales, then at least in terms of dozens of ATOs being established on both sides of the Atlantic, of s買粉絲res of Worldshops being set up, and of well-organized actions and campaigns attacking exploitation and foreign domination, and promoting the ideals of Nelson Mandela, Julius Nyerere, and the Nicaraguan Sandinistas: the right to independence and self-determination, to equitable access to the world’s markets and 買粉絲nsumers.

團結貿易

現今公平貿易運動形塑于1960年代的歐洲，公平貿易于這時期通常被視為一種反抗新帝國主義的政治姿態，基進的學生運動開始關注跨國公司，并出現了一種認為傳統商業模式基本上是有缺陷的共識，那時的口號“貿易，而非援助”(Trade not Aid)，被1968年所召開的聯合國貿易及發展會議（United Nations Conference on Trade and Development，簡稱UNCTAD）所采用，并得到國際認同，會議中強調與發展中世界建立公平的貿易關系。

1965年誕生了第一個另類貿易組織（Alternative Trading Organization，簡稱ATD）：那年，英國的非政府組織樂施會(Oxfam)發起了”以銷售來幫忙”(Helping-by-Selling)的活動，一個以郵購及在樂施會商店銷售進口手工藝品的計劃。

1969年，第一個“世界商店”在荷蘭開張，這個開創性的構想，是以銷售符合公平貿易規則的“發展中區域”的產品，將公平貿易的法則帶入零售部門，第一個商店由志工營運，非常成功，之后數十個類似的商店開始在比利時、荷蘭、盧森堡及德國等其他西歐國家開始營業。

在1960和1970年代，公平貿易運動里很重要的部份是，為那些因為政治因素而被排斥于主流貿易管道的國家，協助他們的產品尋找市場。數千名志工在教會后面和世界商店銷售來自安哥拉及尼加拉瓜的咖啡豆，以這些產品從家里和公共場所的攤位傳達一個訊息：給那些來自發展中國家的弱勢生產者一個公平的機會，就是支持他們自主的永續發展。另類貿易活動的盛行，若不從貿易量來說，至少以在數量上，有數十個另類貿易組織（ATO）在大西洋兩岸成立，同時隨著世界商店的擴張，有許多計劃性的行動與專案，抨擊國際間的剝削與支配的現象，宣揚著曼德拉、朱利葉斯•尼雷爾及尼加拉瓜桑定政權的理念：自主及獨立的權利，與接觸全球市場及消費者的公平管道。

很赞哦!（8）