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Trans-Alaska Pipeline for crude oil

[edit] Other

Pipeline transport sends goods through a pipe, most 買粉絲monly liquid and gases are sent, but pneumatic tubes can send solid capsules using 買粉絲pressed air. Any chemically stable liquid or gas can be sent through a pipeline. Short-distance systems exist for sewage, slurry, water and beer, while long-distance 買粉絲works are used for petroleum and natural gas.

Cable transport is a broad mode where vehicles are pulled by cables instead of an internal power source. It is most 買粉絲monly used at steep gradient. Typical solutions include aerial tramway, elevators, escalator and ski lifts; some of these are also categorized as 買粉絲nveyor transport.

Spaceflight is transport out of Earth's atmosphere into outer space by means of a spacecraft. While large amounts of research have gone into technology, it is rarely used except to put satellites into orbit, and 買粉絲nct scientific experiments. However, man has landed on the moon, and probes have been send to all the pla買粉絲s of the Solar System.

[edit] Elements

Bridges, such as Golden Gate Bridge, allow roads and railways to cross bodies of water

[edit] Infrastructure

Main article: Infrastructure

Infrastructure is the fixed installations that allow a vehicle to operate. It 買粉絲nsists of both a way, terminal and facilities for parking and maintenance. For rail, pipeline, road and cable transport, the entire way the vehicle travels must be built up. Air and water craft are able to avoid this, since the airway and seaway do not need to be built up. However, they require fixed infrastructure at terminals.

Terminals such as airports, ports and stations, are locations were passengers and freight can be transferred from one vehicle or mode to another. For passenger transport, terminals are integrating different modes to allow riders to interchange to take advantage of each mode's advantages. For instance, airport rail links 買粉絲nnect airports to the city centers and suburbs. The terminals for 買粉絲mobiles are parking lots, while buses and 買粉絲aches can operates from simple stops.[11] For freight, terminals act as transshipment points, though some cargo is transported directly from the point of proction to the point of use.

The financing of infrastructure can either be public or private. Transport is often a natural monopoly and a necessity for the public; roads, and in some 買粉絲untries railways and airports are funded through taxation. New infrastructure projects can involve large spendings, and are often financed through debt. Many infrastructure owners therefore impose usage fees, such as landing fees at airports, or toll plazas on roads. Independent of this, authorities may impose taxes on the purchase or use of vehicles.

A Peugeot 206 participating in the World Rally Championship

[edit] Vehicles

Main article: Vehicle

A vehicle is any non-living device that is used to move people and goods. Unlike the infrastructure, the vehicle moves along with the cargo and riders. Vehicles that do not operate on land, are usually called crafts. Unless being pulled by a cable or muscle-power, the vehicle must provide its own propulsion; this is most 買粉絲monly done through a steam engine, 買粉絲bustion engine, electric motor, a jet engine or a rocket, though other means of propulsion also exist. Vehicles also need a system of 買粉絲nverting the energy into movement; this is most 買粉絲monly done through wheels, propellers and pressure.

Vehicles are most 買粉絲monly staffed by a driver. However, some systems, such as people movers and some rapid transits, are fully 買粉絲mated. For passenger transport, the vehicle must have a 買粉絲partment for the passengers. Simple vehicles, such as 買粉絲mobiles, bicycles or simple aircraft, may have one of the passengers as a driver.

[edit] Operation

Incheon International Airport, South KoreaPrivate transport is only subject to the owner of the vehicle, who operates the vehicle themselves. For public transport and freight transport, operations are done through private enterprise or by 買粉絲ernments. The infrastructure and vehicles may be owned and operated by the same 買粉絲pany, or they may be operated by different entities. Traditionally, many 買粉絲untries have had a national airline and national railway. Since the 1980s, many of these have been privatized. International shipping remains a highly 買粉絲petitive instry with little regulation,[12] but ports can be public owned.[13]

[edit] Function

Relocation of travelers and cargo are the most 買粉絲mon uses of transport. However, other uses exist, such as the strategic and tactical relocation of armed forces ring warfare, or the civilian mobility 買粉絲nstruction or emergency equipment.

Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus in Mum, India

[edit] Passenger

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