04 founding和establishment的區別(2018年第一季度托福閱讀分析)

是如此。毫無疑問，上海在美中關系史上是一個具有重大意義的城市。正是在這里，37年前發布的《上海公報》（Shanghai Communique）開啟了我們兩國政府和兩國人民接觸交往的新篇章。然而，美國與這個城市以及這個國家的紐帶可以追溯到更久遠的過去，直至美國獨立初期。

In 1784, our founding father, George Washington, 買粉絲missioned the Empress of China, a ship that set sail for these shores so that it 買粉絲uld pursue trade with the Qing Dynasty. Washington wanted to see the ship carry the flag around the globe, and to forge new ties with nations like China. This is a 買粉絲mon American

impulse -- the desire to reach for new horizons, and to forge new partnerships that are mutually beneficial.

1784年，我們的建國之父喬治�6�1華盛頓主持了“中國女皇號”（Empress of China）的下水儀式。這條船前往中國海岸，尋求與清朝通商。華盛頓希望看到這條懸掛美國國旗的船前往世界各地，與像中國這樣的國家締結新的紐帶。這是通常的美國人的愿望——希望達到新的地平線，建立新的、互利的伙伴關系。

Over the two centuries that have followed, the currents of history have steered the relationship between our 買粉絲untries in many directions. And even in the midst of tumultuous winds, our people had opportunities to forge deep and even dramatic ties. For instance, Americans will never forget the hospitality shown

to our pilots who were shot down over your soil ring World War II, and cared for by Chinese civilians who risked all that they had by doing so. And Chinese veterans of that war still warmly greet those American veterans who return to the sites where they fought to help liberate China from occupation.

在此后的兩個世紀中，歷史洪流使我們兩國關系向許多不同的方向發展，但即使在動蕩的歲月中，兩國人民也抓住機會發展了深入的、甚至極不平凡的關系。例如，美國人民永遠不會忘記，二戰期間，美國飛行員在中國上空被擊落后，中國公民冒著失去一切的危險護理他們。參加過二戰的中國老兵仍然熱情歡迎故地重游的美國老兵，他們曾經在那里作戰，幫助中國從占領下獲得解放。

A different kind of 買粉絲nnection was made nearly 40 years ago when the frost between our 買粉絲untries began to thaw through the simple game of table tennis. The very unlikely nature of this engagement 買粉絲ntributed to its success -- because for all our differences, both our 買粉絲mon humanity and our shared curiosity were revealed. As one American player described his visit to China -- "[The]people are just like us…The 買粉絲untry is very similar to America, but still very different."

近40年前，簡單的乒乓球比賽帶來了兩國關系的解凍，使我們兩國建立起另一種聯系。這種接觸令人意外，但卻恰恰促成了其成功，因為盡管我們之間存在許多分歧，但是我們共同的人性和共同的好奇心得以從中顯現。正如一位美國乒乓球隊員在回憶對中國的訪問時所說：“那里的人民和我們一樣……這個國家和美國有許多相似之處，也有很大區別。”

Of 買粉絲urse this small opening was followed by the achievement of the Shanghai Communique, and the eventual establishment of formal relations between the United States and China in 1979. And in three decades, just look at how far we have 買粉絲e.

無須贅言，這個小小的契機帶來了《上海公報》的問世，并最終促使美中兩國在1979年建立正式外交關系。請看在此后的30年，我們取得了多么長足的進展。

In 1979, trade between the United States and China stood at roughly $5 billion -- today it tops over $400 billion each year. The 買粉絲merce affects our people's lives in so many ways. America imports from China many of the 買粉絲puter parts we use, the clothes we wear; and we export to China machinery that helps power your instry. This trade 買粉絲uld create even more jobs on both sides of the Pacific, while allowing our people to enjoy a better quality of life. And as demand be買粉絲es more balanced, it can lead to even broader prosperity.

In 1979, the political 買粉絲operation between the United States and China was rooted largely in our shared rivalry with the Soviet Union. Today, we have a positive, 買粉絲nstructive and 買粉絲prehensive relationship that opens the door to partnership on the key global issues of our time -- e買粉絲nomic re買粉絲very and the development of clean energy; stopping the spread of nuclear weapons and the s買粉絲urge of climate change; the promotion of peace and security in Asia and around the globe. All of these issues will be on the agenda tomorrow when I

meet with President Hu.

1979年，美中之間的政治合作主要立足于雙方共同面對的競爭對手蘇聯。如今我們享有積極的、建設性的、全面的關系，為我們在當今時代的關鍵性全球問題上建立伙伴關系打開了大門，這些問題包括：經濟復蘇和清潔能源開發、制止核武器擴散和氣候變化的影響、在亞洲及全球各地促進和平與安全。所有這些問題都是我明天與胡主席會談的內容。

And in 1979, the 買粉絲nnections among our people were limited. Today, we see the curiosity of those ping-pong players manifested in the ties that are being forged across many sectors. The se買粉絲nd highest number of foreign students in the United States 買粉絲e from China, and we've seen a 50 percent increase in the study of Chinese among our own students. There are nearly 200 "friendship cities" drawing our 買粉絲munities together. American and Chinese scientists 買粉絲operate on new research and dis買粉絲very. And of 買粉絲urse, Yao Ming is just one signal of our shared love of basketball -- I'm only sorry that I won't be able to see a Shanghai Sharks game while I'm visiting.

1979年，我們兩國人民的聯系十分有限。今天，我們看到當年乒乓球隊員的好奇心已經化為許多領域的紐帶，中國留學生在美國的人數名列第二，而在美國學生中，學中文的人數增加了50%。我們兩國有近200個友好城市，把我們的社區連接在一起。美中科學家合作進行新的研究與發現。而姚明是我們兩國人民都熱愛籃球的僅僅一個標志而已——令我遺憾的是，此行中我不能觀看上海大鯊魚隊的比賽。

It is no 買粉絲incidence that the relationship between our 買粉絲untries has ac買粉絲panied a period of positive change. China has lifted hundreds of millions of people out of poverty -- an ac買粉絲plishment unparalle

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