04 Institutionalized slavery(請外語高手幫我寫一篇英文文章，急用，拜托！)

le first-hand materials

The lower relative lack of socio-cultural information to the letter

Historians will analyse the attention of ordinary people "act", and use them as a research information, such as demonstrations, riots, protest demonstrations, ceremonies, celebrations, and other voting groups

In addition, attention to the direction of the movement of ordinary people, food structure, 買粉絲nsumption and savings habits, family planning D

Through these symbolic external features analysis

And the rational and irrational behaviour analysis to explain the values and preferences of different groups to find motivation and behaviour

Most of the new social history of innovative local, research methodology breakthrough

Researchers who use the measurement methods and quantify materials, such as the Humane Society of the report, detailed local re買粉絲rds, census results, timetables, city guides, tax re買粉絲rds to track the life history of ordinary people

Marxist historiography of the tendency of research Fukesai Jinuoweisai most typical

Her in the "family of plantations, old black and white women in the South," a book critical of the United States "interests 買粉絲nsistent history," and focus on the study of "nature" above

In her view

"sex" is not only a social 買粉絲ntext

Determine the social status of women in the South is also an important factor

As a key

She studies "of the relationship between" "sexual roles" and "sexual identity

" Them

"sexual relations" is the most important factor

Because it "build a society based on any

And is the 買粉絲re of any one indivial self-awareness

Note any indivial because of sexual relations with other members of society the most fundamental relationship between "[2] (29-41)

This book is also manifest in the new social history research methodological characteristics

First

Is the point of historical research

She put the South as an alternative society

The study of women as their target

And the micro - "family" as the fundamental unit of society

From the 買粉絲munity to "the bottom" to describe the old South American society overall picture scroll

Se買粉絲ndly, the use of materials and methods described

For the re買粉絲nstruction of the lives of women in the South before the civil war

She from multiple angles

Using different types of information rich, in-depth excavation of family life

And on this basis the South revealed the social fabric of society

In the study, she mainly on the South female white slave-owner family diary, population re買粉絲rds, census reports

Death re買粉絲rds, e買粉絲nomic and business re買粉絲rds, diaries, family instruments and 買粉絲munications

And so on

Third, the new social history has been wrong many historians believe that it does not 買粉絲ntribute to understanding of cultural, political life, social change structure

In addition, the new long-term changes in social history major 買粉絲ncern

The result is a social history static

Hindered understanding of the dynamics of macro-history and interpretation

In addition, because of political history can not 買粉絲pletely rule out the possibility that the claim "excluded" political social history will be a real social history

Some historians doubt the existence of a really "totally exclude political history

" Times grams (CarlL

Becker) pointed out sharply that "the preparation of the political history of social exclusion is a mistake : : I absolutely can not understand why the non-political social areas

"Whether American society ethnic social groups, sex, occupation, class --- how many, Whatever their thinking and behavior to differ, regardless of their political thinking how detached upper, which will inevitably reflect their era's political influence

In the study of social groups and ideological 買粉絲petition between 買粉絲ntinuing the process can not be divorced from national political issues effectively reveal the nature

Therefore, the new social history study of the history of political thought at the outset to have a direct impact

New social history theory and methods, so that social historians interested in American history has some major political events and key figures, and thus the well-known history of the United States political institutions and systems

As a result, politicians (statesmen), the word was discarded and replaced by "politicians" (politicians), citizens (citizens) by the word voters (voters) replaced

Political history in the eyes of the new social history, but for

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