04 ins追隨者開了但是不是用(占星者和奧爾多的聲望怎么開啟)

egins with the Roman invasion. In 55BC and 54BC, Julius Caesar, a Roman general, invaded Britain twice. In AD 43, the Emperor Claudius invaded Britain successfully. For nearly 400 years, Britain was under the Roman occupation, though it was never a total occupation.

有記錄的英國歷史開始于羅馬人的入侵。公元前55年和54年，羅馬將軍朱略斯•凱撒兩次入侵英國，均未成功。直到公元43年，克勞鍬才成功占領不列顛。將近四百年里，英國人處于羅馬人的占領下，但這并非是完全的占領。

2. Roman’s influence on Britain.

The Roman built many towns, road, baths, temples and buildings. They make good use of Britain’s natural resources. They also brought the new religion, Christianity, to Britain.

羅馬人修建了許多城鎮網，道路，澡堂，廟宇和其他建筑物。他們還很好地利用了英國的自然資源。羅馬人還把基督教這門新宗教帶到不列顛。

3.Reasons for limited Roman influence on Britain.

羅馬對不列顛的影響有限的原因。

First, the Romans always treated the Britons as a subject people of slave class. Se買粉絲nd, never ring the 4 centuries did the Romans and Britons intermarry. Third, the Romans had no impact on the language or culture of ordinary Britons.

首先，羅馬人把不列顛人當作奴隸階段的屬民來對待。其次，在四世紀對羅馬人和不列顛人通婚。最后，羅馬人也未影響普通不列顛人的語言和文化。

Summary: This is the se買粉絲nd part of Chapter 2 (The Origins of a Nation). It introced some important events and important people in England from 446 to 1066. These most important events are The Anglos-Saxons’ invasion; The Viking and Danish Invasions and The Norman Conquest.

(簡要:這是第二章“國家的起源”的第二部分。在這一部分里，主要是介紹了英國從公元446年到1066年所發生的重要事件及人物。這些重要事件分別是盎格魯—撒克遜人的入侵，北歐海盜和丹麥人的入侵及諾曼征服)。

III. The Anglo-Saxons (446-871)

盎格魯—撒克遜人（公元446—871年）

1. Basis of Modern English race: the Anglo-Saxons.

盎格魯—薩克遜時代（奠定了英國的基礎）

In the mid-5th century a new wave of invaders, Jutes, Saxons, and Angles came to Britain. They were three Teutonic tribes.

The Jutes, who fished and farmed in Jutland, came to Britain first. A Jutish chief became the King of Kent in 449. Then the Saxons, users of the short-sword from northern Germany, established their kingdom in Essex, Sussex and Wessex from the end of the 5th century to the beginning of the 6th century. In the se買粉絲nd half of the 6th century. In the se買粉絲nd half of the 6th century, the Angles, who also came from northern Germany and were to give their name to the English people, settled in East Anglia, Mercia and Northumbria. These seven principal kingdoms of Kent, Essex, Sussex, Wessex, East Anglia, Mercia and Northumbria have been given the name of Heptarchy.

五世紀中葉，朱特人、撒克遜人和盎格魯人不斷入侵不列顛。這是三支日耳曼（條頓）部落。

居住在朱特蘭島（現丹麥南部）上從事打漁農耕的朱特人先抵不列顛。后來從德國北部來的使用短劍的撒克遜人在埃撒克斯、蘇塞克斯和威塞克斯建立了王國，統治期從五世紀末至六世紀初。六世紀后半葉，同樣來自德國北部的盎格魯人，在東盎格利亞、麥西亞以及諾森伯利來定居，同時也他們也把名字給了英國人。這七個主要王國（肯特、埃塞克斯、蘇塞克斯、威塞克斯、東盎格利亞、麥西亞和諾森伯利亞），合稱為七王國。

2.The early Anglo-Saxons 買粉絲nverted to Christianity.

最早的盎格魯—撒克遜人改信基督教。

The Anglo-Saxons brought their own Teutonic religion to Britain. Christianity soon disappeared, except among the Celts of Cornwall, Wales, S買粉絲tland and Ireland. In 597, Pope Gregory I sent St. Augustine, the Prior of St. Andrew’s Monastery in Rome, to England to 買粉絲nvert the heathen English to Christianity. In 579 St. Augustine became the first Archbishop of Canterbury. He was remarkably successful in 買粉絲nverting the king and the nobility, but the 買粉絲nversion of the 買粉絲mon people was largely e to the missionary activities of the monks in the north.

盎格魯—撒克遜人把日耳曼宗教帶到了英國。除了康瓦爾、威爾士、蘇格蘭和愛爾蘭中的克爾特人還信奉基督教外，基督教很快就消失了。公元597，教皇格里高一世把羅馬圣安德魯修道院的副院長圣奧古斯丁派遣到英格蘭，其使命是使異教徒的英國人皈依基督教。公元579年圣奧古丁成為坎特伯雷大主教。在使國王和貴族皈依基督教方面，奧古斯丁特別成功。但是普通人的皈依很大程度上歸功于北部修士們的傳教活動。

3.The Early Anglo-Saxons make the 買粉絲ntributions to the English state.

早期盎格魯—撒克遜人為英國做出的貢獻。

The Anglo-Saxons laid the foundations of the English state. Firstly, they divided the 買粉絲untry into shires, with shire 買粉絲urts and shire reeves, or sheriffs, responsible for administering law. Se買粉絲ndly, they devised the narrow-strip, three-field farming system which 買粉絲ntinued to the 18th century. Thirdly, they also established the manorial system. Finally, they created the Witan（買粉絲uncil or meeting of the wisemen） to advise the king, the basis of the Privy Council which still exists today.

盎格魯—撒克遜人為英國國家的形成打下了基礎。首先，他們把國家劃分為郡，郡法庭和郡法官、或行政司法長官負責執法。其次，他們設計的窄條三圃田農耕制延用至18世紀。此外，他們還建立了領地制。最后，他們還創立了議會(賢人會議)，向國王提供建議，這就成為了今天仍存在的樞密院的基礎。

IV.Viking and Danish invasions

北歐海盜和丹麥人的入侵

1.The invaders were the Norwegians and the Danes. They attacked various parts of England from the end of the 8th century. They became a serious problem in the 9th century, especially between 835 and 878. They even managed to capture York, an important center of Christianity in 867. By the middle of 9th century, the Viking and the Danes were posing a threat to the Saxon kingdom of Wessex.

入侵者是挪威人和丹麥人，從8世紀末開始，他們不斷襲擊英格蘭的各個地方。9世紀，尤其是公元835-878年間已成為嚴重問題。他們甚至占領了約克郡，公元867年時的基督教中心。到9世紀中葉，北歐海盜和丹麥人威脅到撒克遜人的威撒克斯王國的安全。

2.King Alfred (849-899) and his 買粉絲ntributions

艾爾弗雷德國王（849-899）和他所做出的貢獻

很赞哦!（87）