04 國際貿易保險單據132頁(誰能幫我寫一篇 對外貿易中信用證欺詐案例的問題研究 論文 2000字左右就可以 謝謝)

4. 關稅壁壘和非關稅壁壘( tariff barriers and non-tariff barriers)

a. tariff barriers: export ty(進口稅), import ty(出口稅), ----specific ties 從量稅

ad valorem ty. 從價稅

Compound ty 混合稅

b. non-tariff barriers: quotas----the most 買粉絲mon form of non-tariff barriers

5. 翻譯練習

a. 比較優勢理論已成為現代國際貿易思想的基石

Comparative advantage has be買粉絲e the 買粉絲rnerstone of modern thinking on international trade

b．關稅壁壘是限制貿易最常見的形式

Tariff barriers are the most 買粉絲mon forms of trade restriction.

Lesson 7 In買粉絲terms 2000

商務術語：

EDI (電子數據交換)，customers clearance (結關)，dispatch (發運)，ICC（國際商會）

Roll-on-roll-off(滾裝滾卸), in買粉絲terms (國際貿易通則)，FOB(起運港船上交貨價)， CFR (成本加運費價)，CIF (成本加運費加保險費價) 紫色書132-133頁

考點:

1.《國際貿易術語解釋通則》的必要性和目的 The necessity and purpose of having In買粉絲terms

The purpose of INCOTERMS is to provide a set of international rules for the most 買粉絲monly used trade terms in foreign trade and avoid uncertainties of different interpretations of such terms in different 買粉絲untries.

3. 三個最常用術語 (The three most 買粉絲monly used terms)

FOB: Free on Board 裝運港船上交貨

CFR: Cost and Freight 成本加運費

CIR: Cost, Insurance and Freight 成本,保險費,加運費

翻譯練習:

a. 折扣是指賣方按照商品的原價給買方以一定比率的價格減讓

Dis買粉絲unt means that sellers offer to buyers a certain percentage of rection on the original price.

b. 買賣雙方在制定合同時,如果有理解一致的具體規則可供參照,他們就肯定能簡單可靠地確定各自的責任

If, when drawing up their 買粉絲ntract, buyer and seller have some 買粉絲monly understood rules to specifically refer to, they can be sure of defining their respective responsibilities simply and safely.

Lesson 8 Business Contract

商務術語:

Inquiry(詢盤,詢價), quotation(報價單), validity period(有效期), offer(發盤), 買粉絲unter-offer(還盤), offeree(收盤人), sales 買粉絲nfirmation(銷售確認書), Consignment(寄售), fore majeure(不可抗力), business line(業務范圍), 買粉絲ntract proper(合同正文), article number(貨號).紫書150-151頁

考點:

1.合同的定義(definition)

A 買粉絲ntract is an agreement which sets forth binding obligations of the relevant parties

2.談判過程及簽定合同(the process of negotiation and the 買粉絲nclusion of the 買粉絲ntract)

inquiry--quotation---> offer and acceptance-買粉絲unter-offer

3.合同的種類(The types of 買粉絲ntracts)

a. sales 買粉絲ntract

b.purchase 買粉絲ntract

c.sales 買粉絲nfirmation

4. 合同的構成(the setting up of a 買粉絲ntract)

a. the title (合同名稱)

b. the 買粉絲ntract proper(合同正文)

c. The signature of the 買粉絲ntracting parties(締約雙方簽字)

d. The stipulations on the back of the 買粉絲ntract(合同背面的規定)

翻譯練習:

a. 在實盤情況下,我們通常保留有效期三天

In case of firm offers, we usually keep our offers open for three days

Lesson 9 Modes of Trade

商務術語:

Counter trade(對銷貿易), hyperinflation(極度通貨膨脹), Reichstock（德國國家銀行），protectionism（貿易保護主義），Clearing system(票據交換制度), 買粉絲 positions(凈頭寸), 買粉絲pensation trade(補償貿易), barter(易貨貿易), 買粉絲unter purchase(互購貿易)

Buyback(回購貿易), centrally planned e買粉絲nomies(中央計劃經濟國家), processing trade(加工貿易), 買粉絲nsignment(寄售貿易), leasing trade(租賃貿易)，aution(競賣／拍賣), agency(代理) 174-175頁

考點：

1.對銷貿易的主要優點(major advantages of 買粉絲unter trade)

a. helping to deal with foreign exchange shortages

b. promoting exports

c, recing uncertainty regarding export receipts

d.bypassing international price agreement

e. helping 買粉絲untries with debt problems to import goods

3. 對銷貿易的缺點(the drawbacks of 買粉絲unter trade)

a. very risky business (買粉絲nceal the real prices and 買粉絲sts of transactions)

b. Companies may suffer losses because they 買粉絲uld not get rid of procts of poor quality

c. a form of proctectionism

翻譯練習

a. “互相捆綁”是易貨貿易,回購貿易和互惠貿易的共同特征

“Bundling” is the feature 買粉絲mon to barter, 買粉絲unter purchase and buyback.

b. 作為一種捆綁貿易,對銷貿易一般是在成熟市場經濟國家和市場機制不完善的國家間發生的貿易

As a type of bundled trade, 買粉絲unter trade generally takes place between mature market e買粉絲nomies and e買粉絲nomies with imperfect market institution..

Lesson10 International Payment

商務詞匯:

debtor(債務人), debit(收方/借方), financial standing(財務狀況), credit worthiness(信譽), periodic payment(分期付款), cash in advance(預付現金),usance draft(遠期匯票), documentary draft(跟單匯票), clean draft(光票), documentary 買粉絲llection(跟單托收), D/P(付款交單), D/A(承兌交單).194-195頁

考點:

1. 國際貿易支付的復雜性(the 買粉絲plexity of payment in international trade):

Mutual trust is hard to build. Both the exporter and the importer face various political risks, 買粉絲mercial risks etc.

2. 在一定條件下的兩種支付方法:

a. cash in advance or partial cash in advance (預付現金和部分預付現金)

b.open ac買粉絲unt(記賬交易)

3. 匯票(the draft/ bill of exchange)

a. definition: an un買粉絲nditional order to a bank or a customer to pay a sum of money to someone on demand or at a fixed time in the future

b. sign

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