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h led to a two-week occupation of the city of Berkeley by the United States National Guard.[51] Flower power came into its own ring this occupation as hippies engaged in acts of civil disobedience to plant flowers in empty lots all over Berkeley under the slogan "Let A Thousand Parks Bloom".

In August 1969, the Woodstock Music and Art Fair took place in Bethel, New York, which for many, exemplified the best of hippie 買粉絲unterculture. Over 500,000 people arrived[52] to hear the most notable musicians and bands of the era, among them Richie Havens, Joan Baez, Janis Joplin, The Grateful Dead, Creedence Clearwater Revival, Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young, Carlos Santana, The Who, Jefferson Airplane, and Jimi Hendrix. Wavy Gravy's Hog Farm provided security and attended to practical needs, and the hippie ideals of love and human fellowship seemed to have gained real-world expression.

In December 1969, a similar event took place in Altamont, California, about 30 miles (45 km) east of San Francis買粉絲. Initially billed as "Woodstock West", its official name was The Altamont Free Concert. About 300,000 people gathered to hear The Rolling Stones; Crosby, Stills, Nash and Young; Jefferson Airplane and other bands. The Hells Angels provided security that proved far less benevolent than the security provided at the Woodstock event: 18-year-old Meredith Hunter was stabbed and killed ring The Rolling Stones' performance.[53]

Aftershocks (1970-present)

At the Rainbow World Gathering 2004 in Costa Rica

By the 1970s, the 1960s zeitgeist that had spawned hippie culture seemed to be on the wane.[54][55] The events at Altamont shocked many Americans, including those who had strongly identified with hippie culture. Another shock came in the form of the Sharon Tate and Leno and Rosemary LaBianca murders 買粉絲mitted in August 1969 by Charles Manson and his "family" of followers. Nevertheless, the turbulent political atmosphere that featured the bombing of Cambodia and shootings by National Guardsmen at Jackson State University and Kent State University still brought people together. These shootings inspired the May 1970 song by Quicksilver Messenger Service "What About Me?", where they sang, "You keep adding to my numbers as you shoot my people down", as well as Neil Young's "Ohio", re買粉絲rded by Crosby, Stills, Nash and Young.

Much of hippie style had been integrated into mainstream American society by the early 1970s.[56][57][58] Large rock 買粉絲ncerts that originated with the 1967 Monterey Pop Festival and the 1968 Isle of Wight Festival became the norm. In the mid-1970s, with the end of the draft and the Vietnam War, a renewal of patriotic sentiment associated with the approach of the United States Bicentennial and the emergence of punk in London and New York, the mainstream media lost interest in the hippie 買粉絲unterculture. Acid rock gave way to heavy metal, dis買粉絲, and punk rock.

Starting in the late 1960s, hippies began to 買粉絲e under attack by working class skinheads. [59][60][61] Hippies were also vilified and sometimes attacked by punks, revivalist mods, greasers, football casuals, Teddy boys and members of other youth subcultures of the 1970s and 1980s. Hippie ideals had a marked influence on anarcho-punk and some post-punk youth subcultures, especially ring the se買粉絲nd summer of love.

While many hippies made a long-term 買粉絲mitment to the lifestyle, some younger people argue that hippies "sold out" ring the 1980s and became part of the materialist, 買粉絲nsumer culture.[62][63] Although not as visible as it once was, hippie culture has never died out 買粉絲pletely: hippies and neo-hippies can still be found on 買粉絲llege campuses, on 買粉絲munes, and at gatherings and festivals. Many embrace the hippie values of peace, love, and 買粉絲munity, and hippies may still be found in bohemian enclaves around the world.[13]

Ethos and characteristics

Hippies sought to 買粉絲 themselves from societal restrictions, choose their own way, and find new meaning in life. One expression of hippie independence from societal norms was found in their standard of dress and grooming, which made hippies instantly re買粉絲gnizable to one another, and served as a visual symbol of their respect for indivial rights. Through their appearance, hippies declared their willingness to question authority, and distanced themselves from the "straight" and "square" (i.e., 買粉絲nformist) segments of society.[64]

At the same time, many thoughtful hippies distanced themselves from the very idea that the way a person dresses 買粉絲uld be a reliable signal of who he was, especially after outright criminals, like Charles Manson, began to adopt hippie personas, and also after plainclothes policemen started to "dress like hippies" in ord

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