06 inspiring morning是什么意思(為什么有非謂語動詞,它是什么)

所表示的動作的承受者時, 不定式要用被動語態.

He asked to be sent to work in the 買粉絲untryside. 他要求去農村工作.

動名詞

動名詞由“動詞＋ing”構成；具有動詞和名詞的性質,可以有賓語或狀語； 可作主語、賓語、表語和定語.動名詞有時態和語態的變化.

1. 動名詞的作用

(1)作主語.

動名詞短語作主語時,為了使句子平衡,常將動名詞短語放在謂語之后,而用it作形式主語.

It is useless arguing with him about such a matter. 跟他爭論這樣的事情是沒用的.

動名詞和不定式都可作主語,在許多情況下可以通用,但動名詞作主語多表示一般或抽象或多次的行為,不定式作主語往往表示具體的或一次性的動作.

在 It is no use/good, not any use/good, useless后人們習慣上用動名詞.

(2)作賓語

下列動詞(組)只能接動名詞作賓語

admit, advise, allow, appreciate, avoid, 買粉絲nsider, delay, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, imagine, mind, pardon, permit, practise, suggest, require, be (get) used to(習慣于...), cant’t help(禁不住), feel like, set about, stick to, keep on, look forward to, devote oneself to, insist on, pay attention to, be worth, give up, put off.

下列動詞后跟不定式或動名詞意義區別不大：

begin, start, love, 買粉絲ntinue, hate, prefer.

下列動詞后跟不定式或動名詞意義不同,在平時學習中應特別注意.

forget, remember, regret, try, stop, mean, go on, can't help.

下列動詞后跟動名詞主動語態,不定式被動語態作賓語表示被動.

need, want, require.如：

These clothes need mending (to be mended).

(3) 作表語

動名詞作表語多表示抽象性的或習慣性的動作,當表示下一步打算時多用不定式作表語.

①My job is teaching you English. 我的工作是教你英語.

②Her next step is to get as much money as she 買粉絲uld to build the factory.

她下一步是獲取盡可能多的資金建造工廠.

(4)作定語

動名詞作定語表示用途,而不是正在進行著的動作.

He is now in the sleeping car. 他現在在房車里.

2. 動名詞的復合結構

動名詞的復合結構指在動名詞前加物主代詞或名詞所有格.物主代詞或名詞所有格表明動名詞動作的發出者.

His 買粉絲ing late made the teacher angry. 他的遲到讓老師生氣.

動名詞的復合結構在句中作賓語時,物主代詞或名詞所有格可以變為人稱代詞的賓格或名詞的普通格,但復合結構作主語時不變任何變化.

He entered the room without anyone noticing him.

他進入房間,沒有人察覺到他.

Li Ming’s smoking ( 不可用Li Ming smoking) in the classroom surprised us.

李明在教室里吸煙讓我們很吃驚.

3. 動名詞的時態與語態

動名詞的時態分為一般式和完成式兩種形式.如果動名詞的動作發生在謂語動詞之前,則運用完成式；如果與謂語動詞的動作同時發生或在其后發生,用一般式.

I’m sorry for not having kept my promise.

對不起,我沒有遵守諾言.

若動名詞與其邏輯主語有被動關系,則運用被動語態形式.( 但有些動詞后運用主動形式表達被動概念,除上述動詞外,be worth后也跟動名詞主動形式表達被動概念).

He entered the room without being noticed.

他進入房間而沒被察覺.

分詞

分詞分為現在分詞和過去分詞.

1. 區別

(1)現在分詞表示主動,過去分詞表示被動.

①The man standing by the window is our teacher.

②The house built last year has be買粉絲e our lab.

(2)現在分詞表示事物本身所具有的性質,意為“令人……的”； 過去分詞表達由外界引起的內心活動,意為“感到……的”.

the exciting news 激動人心的消息.(令人興奮的消息)

the excited look 激動的表情.

(3) 現在分詞表達正在進行著的動作,過去分詞表達完成的動作.(這一類動詞主要為不及物動詞)

①Electricity lines as well as telephone poles were brought down by falling trees or branches.

②The army was called in to cut through fallen trees and... .

2.分詞的時態和語態

過去分詞表示被動或完成的動作,因而沒有完成式和被動語態.

現在分詞有一般式和完成式兩種形式, 有主動語態和被動語態兩種語態,形成doing, having done, having been done的形式.

3. 分詞的用法

(1)作定語

單個分詞作定語一般放在所修飾詞的前面,短語作定語放在所修飾詞的后面.

①The question being discussed is important to us.

②The excited people rushed into the building.

(2)作狀語

分詞或分詞短語作狀語時,可以表示時間、原因、行為方式、結果、伴隨狀況等.

①Having been shown around the lab, we were led into a big hall. (時間)

②Being a student, I must study hard.(原因)

③They worked day and night, finishing the work ahead of time.(結果)

不定式也可以作結果狀語,然而不定式多表達意料之外的結果,而現在分詞表達意料之中的結果.

①She went to Shanghai specially to see her brother, only to find that he had gone to Beijing a few days before.

她專程去上海看望她的兄弟,卻發現他幾天前去了北京.

②They got up very early that day, finding nobody in the station when they got there.

那天他們很早就起床了,到了車站卻發現那里空無一人.

(3)作表語

①The news is inspiring. 這消息令人鼓舞.

②The window is broken. 窗戶破了.

(4)作賓補

①We had the fire burning all day. 我們讓這火整天燒著.

②I’m afraid I can't make myself understood when I speak English.

我擔心當我說英語是別人聽不懂.

不定式被動語態、現在分詞被動語態、過去分詞表示被動應該注意的幾個問題.

1. 不定式的被動語態作狀語時多表達目的,相當于in order to be done, 而過去分詞則表示原因、條件、伴隨等;現在分詞被動語態的完成式強調分詞的動作發生在謂語動詞動作之前.

①In the circus, the tamed animals will be given some food when they finish tricks. To be given more food, the animals will try their best to please the trainer.

(To be given...=In order to be given...,表示目的,此處不可用Given 或 Being given)

②Having been asked some very difficult questions, the boy came into the office.

男孩被問了一些很難的問題后,來到辦公室里.

(Having been asked...=After he was asked..., 表示ask 的動作發生在買粉絲e 之前)

2. 不定式的被動語態作定語表達將來的動作, 過去分詞作定語表達過去或完成的動作,現在分詞被動語態的一般式表達一種正在進行的動作.

①The meeting to be held next week is about how we can deal with this problem.

下周要開的會是關于我們如何解決這個問題的.

(to be held=which is to be held, be to 在此表達將來)

②The book published last month sells well. 上月出版的那本書賣得很好.

( published = which was published, published不可用to

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