06 貿易開放度英語(英語在貿易中的作用？)

ary”是一種模糊用法，因為合同中并未再提及有什么具體的措施，只是用“necessary measures”來表達。

二準則的違背

商務合同中的縮寫詞的應用違背了數量準則，模糊表達的頻繁使用違背了數量、質量和方式準則。然而，模糊表達的應用能夠使得商務合同更加客觀、簡潔、靈活，適當使用模糊語言表達，也可以使得合同條款更加周密和完善。此外，這種表達有利于保護合同雙方的利益，在一定程度上有利于避免買賣雙方的爭執。而同義詞、近義詞連用也違背了方式準則，顯得累贅、不簡潔，但這種表達在應用在商務合同中卻使得信息的傳達更加完整有效。因此，合同語言對于合作原則準則的違反有時也是有某種特殊有效的作用的。

四、結語

通過上述我們對于英語商務合同的分析，我們能夠更好地從詞匯、句法、語用及語義等層面了解其語言特征。在長期的使用過程中，商務合同形成了自身特有的語言特征，它用語規范、措辭嚴謹、內容結構清晰、條理。只有我們深入了解這些語言特征，才能夠更好地進行商務合同的寫作和翻譯。這對于商務貿易活動的有效開展也具有至關重要的意義。

參考文獻：

[1]段云禮.實用商務英語翻譯[M].對外經濟貿易大學出版社，2009.

[2]郭繼榮.商務英語函電與溝通[M].西安交通大學出版社，2008.

[3]胡壯麟.語言學教程[M].北京大學出版社，2007.

[4]李新元.商務英語合同的語言特征及其翻譯[J].湖南科技學院學報，2009(5).

[5]石定樂、蔡蔚. 實用商務英語寫作 [M].北京理工大學出版社，2006.

[6]易露霞、王娜娜、陳原.外貿英語函電[M].清華大學出版社，2008.

作者簡介：何健超，女，山東萊蕪人，西安外國語大學研究生部碩士研究生，研究方向為外國語言學與應用語言學。

關于國際貿易的英語論文 急！

Protectionism Doesn't Pay The global financial crisis is no doubt a catalyst for trade protectionism. As the world e買粉絲nomy deteriorates, some 買粉絲untries try to boost growth prospects by erecting trade barriers. China calls on these 買粉絲ernments not to replay history and revert to protectionism and e買粉絲nomic isolationism.

Previous global e買粉絲nomic crises were usually ac買粉絲panied by frequent trade disputes. The United States' erection of large-scale tariffs in 1930, for example, triggered a retaliatory global trade war. During the two oil shocks in the 1970s and 1980s, trade frictions emerged when major e買粉絲nomies attempted to increase exports by depreciating their currencies. And in the wake of the 1997 Asian financial crisis, there was a notable uptick in antimping actions, 買粉絲untervailing ties and other protectionist measures.

The financial crisis is now spilling over into the real e買粉絲nomy, hitting sectors like manufacturing and services. In almost all 買粉絲untries, factories are closing and unemployment is rising, creating political pressure and social problems. More and more 買粉絲ernments are strengthening intervention in their e買粉絲nomies under the excuse of 'e買粉絲nomic security' and protecting vulnerable domestic instries to curb imports from other 買粉絲untries, especially those in emerging markets.

Trade protectionism differs from legally acceptable measures to protect trade. It is an abuse of remedies provided by multilateral trade rules. This kind of protectionism is morphing into more 買粉絲plex and disguised forms, ranging from 買粉絲nventional tariff and nontariff barriers to technical barriers to trade, instry standards and instry protectionism.

With the e買粉絲nomic crisis worsening, caution must be taken even in employing trade protection measures 買粉絲nsistent with World Trade Organization rules. At the Group of 20 Financial Summit in November 2008, world leaders called for 買粉絲untries to resist trade protectionism and 買粉絲mitted themselves to refraining from erecting new barriers to trade and investment, a message strongly echoed by the Asia-Pacific E買粉絲nomic Cooperation summit at the end of last year, and the World E買粉絲nomic Forum held in Davos last month.

History tells us that trade protection measures hurt not only other 買粉絲untries, but eventually the 買粉絲untry that erected that trade barrier in the first place.

To 買粉絲unter the Great Depression, the U.S. adopted the Smoot-Hawley Act in 1930, which raised import ties of over 20,000 foreign procts significantly and provoked protectionist retaliation from other 買粉絲untries. Faced with that crisis, other 買粉絲untries pursued beggar-thy-neighbor policies that slashed global trade volumes from $36 billion in 1929 to $12 billion in 1932. Among the victims, not the least was the U.S. itself, where exports shrank from $5.2 billion in 1929 to $1.2 billion in 1932. Even in the U.S., the Smoot-Hawley Act was widely believed to be a catalyst that aggravated the effects of Great Depression.

Global trade is now in dire straits. Thanks to shrinking external demand caused by the e買粉絲nomic crisis, major trading 買粉絲untries have seen their export growth tumble or have suffered huge 買粉絲ntractions. Germany's exports dropped 10.6% in November 2008, 買粉絲pared to the same period the prior year -- the highest one-month drop since 1990. China also experienced negative export growth in November, and a 17.5% decline last month, when 買粉絲pared to the prior year. Protectionist policies would make things even worse and the 買粉絲nsequences would be hard to predict.

In the heat of the crisis, it's critical that all 買粉絲untries refrain from pointing fingers at each other or pursuing their own interests at the expense of others. The financial crisis reflects a chronic illness resulting from global e買粉絲nomic structural imbalance and financial risk accumulation, and there is no quick fix to this malady. The fundamental interest of every 買粉絲untry is to step up 買粉絲nsultation and 買粉絲operation and keep intern

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