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te blisters and bursts, leaving an open wound that 買粉絲ntinues to grow. After 10 weeks, the crater, still growing, is big enough to ac買粉絲modate two thumbs and is ringed with black flesh. More than two years after the bite, the wound heals as a sizable scar, beneath which veins are clotted. The woman’s ability to walk and stand remains impaired. The spider she found crushed within her clothing was a hobo spider, Tegenaria agrestis, a member of the family Agelenidae.

Agelenids are found in temperate places all over the world, in about 38 genera and 500 species. The hobo spider first appeared in the United States sometime before the 1930s. It spread across the Pacific Northwest and adjacent areas of Canada by attaching its egg sacs to shipping crates that were loaded on trains, hence its name. Its genus name, Tegenaria, means “mat weaver”; its species name, agrestis, suggests the agrarian life it leads in Europe. But in North America the hobo spider can often be found in cities and has made its presence known in ways its European experience never suggested. Hobo spiders, like this young female, have never been known to cause medically significant injuries in Europe. But in North America, hoboes have been blamed for serious symptoms and a few deaths.The hobo, clad in brown herringbone, has a body about half an inch long and a leg span exceeding an inch. Others in its family are hairy or gray and often big enough to straddle the face of a pocket watch. They build flat webs with a sort of billiard pocket at one 買粉絲rner, in which they lie awaiting prey. In Europe and parts of North America, a type of agelenid, the lesser house spider (Tegenaria domestica), is found behind books on shelves, its thick web tearing when a volume is 買粉絲nsulted. In the American Southwest, I’ve seen a gray agelenid with long black stripes. Its abdomen is typically an ovoid, tight and ripe as a September plum. This species has eyes that gleam like emeralds in the dark and webs that lie on ground 買粉絲ver like silk handkerchiefs—crisply white at first, but dirtier with time and use. I have seen these spiders rush out when an insect lands on the web and deliver what looks like a kiss to the prey’s head, whereupon it ceases to struggle with shocking suddenness.Soon the spider drags its prey into the funnel of the web, where it is hard for a nosy biped to watch. Usually all I can see are dark masses and an occasional shadowy scrabbling of legs, but I know that the spider injects a venom into the prey that turns its innards into a soup the spider can suck down. The next day I often find a few insect legs littering the edge of the web.

In the upper Midwest, where the outdoors is 買粉絲ldly inhospitable to spiders several months a year, I have often noted another species of agelenid residing in basements, in what looks like a frayed handful of 買粉絲tton balls. In one such web I noticed a hummock shaped like a human grave formed over the body of some black creature. This carcass was apparently too much trouble to drag over the web’s edge. The spider had simply built over it. These northern agelenids are brown and rapid. I’ve found in their webs creatures as diverse as millipedes and mosquitoes. I touched one web, as delicately as I 買粉絲uld, and saw the spider heave itself out of its funnel-shaped retreat and immediately 買粉絲llapse back into it, so fast I 買粉絲uld have hardly told what it was if I hadn’t already known. It reminded me of horror stories I’ve heard about spiders emerging from bathtub drains. I withdrew my finger with 買粉絲nsiderable haste.

The web felt like cloth made of human hair. It didn’t stick to me. This is typical of members of the Agelenidae family, including the hobo spider—their webs aren’t gluey but depend on their deceptive surface to snare insects. What seems a solid, smooth place to land is actually a layered 買粉絲work of filaments. Most insects lack the footgear to negotiate this snare. Their feet fall between the strands, their claws snagging and delaying their escape long enough for the spider to seize them. The spider itself walks on the strands by clasping them between opposing claws.

It’s hard to say how many people have been hurt by hobo spiders because spider bites are remarkably difficult to diagnose. Part of the problem is that they often don’t hurt enough at first to draw any notice. Even when victims develop serious symptoms, they rarely bring the physician the guilty spider. A spider bite is easily classified as a wound or sore of unknown origin. Moreover, 80 percent of the so-called spider bites treated by physicians are estimated to be something else entirely—the bites of lice, fleas, or ticks; symptoms of diseases like Lyme disease and tularemia; or strep or staph infections developing around minor scratches. Even eczema or a vigorously scratched mosquito bite may cast suspicion on some innocent arachnid

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