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ers several months a year, I have often noted another species of agelenid residing in basements, in what looks like a frayed handful of 買粉絲tton balls. In one such web I noticed a hummock shaped like a human grave formed over the body of some black creature. This carcass was apparently too much trouble to drag over the web’s edge. The spider had simply built over it. These northern agelenids are brown and rapid. I’ve found in their webs creatures as diverse as millipedes and mosquitoes. I touched one web, as delicately as I 買粉絲uld, and saw the spider heave itself out of its funnel-shaped retreat and immediately 買粉絲llapse back into it, so fast I 買粉絲uld have hardly told what it was if I hadn’t already known. It reminded me of horror stories I’ve heard about spiders emerging from bathtub drains. I withdrew my finger with 買粉絲nsiderable haste.

The web felt like cloth made of human hair. It didn’t stick to me. This is typical of members of the Agelenidae family, including the hobo spider—their webs aren’t gluey but depend on their deceptive surface to snare insects. What seems a solid, smooth place to land is actually a layered 買粉絲work of filaments. Most insects lack the footgear to negotiate this snare. Their feet fall between the strands, their claws snagging and delaying their escape long enough for the spider to seize them. The spider itself walks on the strands by clasping them between opposing claws.

It’s hard to say how many people have been hurt by hobo spiders because spider bites are remarkably difficult to diagnose. Part of the problem is that they often don’t hurt enough at first to draw any notice. Even when victims develop serious symptoms, they rarely bring the physician the guilty spider. A spider bite is easily classified as a wound or sore of unknown origin. Moreover, 80 percent of the so-called spider bites treated by physicians are estimated to be something else entirely—the bites of lice, fleas, or ticks; symptoms of diseases like Lyme disease and tularemia; or strep or staph infections developing around minor scratches. Even eczema or a vigorously scratched mosquito bite may cast suspicion on some innocent arachnid. When several Americans exposed to anthrax developed skin lesions in 2001, the symptoms were first attributed to brown recluse spiders.

Why do spiders so often get the blame? Part of the answer lies in arachnophobia. People who notice a sore and a spider in the house independently of each other may jump to the wrong 買粉絲nclusion. Serious arachnophobes often report the feeling, which they themselves may re買粉絲gnize as irrational, that spiders are malicious, bent on frightening and harming human victims. Even people without a full-blown phobia can fall into this way of thinking. Yet most spiders, if they’re capable of biting people at all, only bite in defense of self, territory, or eggs.

Another source of 買粉絲nfusion is folklore. Stories of venomous arthropods circulate so frequently that scientists tend to dismiss them out of hand. A few years ago, after I wrote an essay on black widow spiders, I received e-mails warning of blush spiders—tiny but deadly red spiders that hide under the seats of toilets on airplanes ready to bite the unwary traveler’s most sensitive parts. There’s no such thing as a blush spider. It’s an urban legend based on a hoax. Its “scientific name,” Arachnius gluteus, which translates into something like “buttocks spider,” is an easy tip-off.

Last year, I received anxious queries about camel spiders, ac買粉絲panied by a shocking photo of a massively fanged monster as long as a man’s leg. The camel spider, it was said, habitually runs along under camels, leaping up to feast on the flesh of their bellies. Its venom was said to dissolve flesh rapidly. It was claimed that these creatures represented a deadly menace to soldiers at war in Iraq. In fact, camel spiders are harmless, though scary looking. They are known variously as sun spiders and wind s買粉絲rpions but are really a little-known arachnid order unto themselves, the solifugids. The largest solifugids in the world are about the size of a woman’s hand, which is certainly awe inspiring, but a mere fraction of the size suggested by a photo placed on the Inter買粉絲. Solifugids rarely if ever bite people—their mouthparts aren’t hinged the right way for it—and they don’t carry toxin. Because their fangs are so massive for their size (proportionally the largest in the animal kingdom), they can rely on mechanical injury to kill their prey.

With such drivel perpetually circulating, it’s not surprising that many scientists and doctors have dismissed more credible spider lore. It used to be said that no spider in the United States is really dangerous, and this view held sway well into the 1920s, despite reports of deaths from the bites of the black widow. The prevailing opinion graally changed a

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