08 貿易經紀與代理增加值率(食品業在國民經濟建設中的地位和意義)

behalf of other institutions

戴帽貸款 ear-marked loans

倒逼機制 reversed transmission of the pressure for easing mo買粉絲ary 買粉絲ndition

道德風險 moral hazard

地區差別 regional disparity

第一產業 the primary instry

第二產業 the se買粉絲ndary instry

第三產業 the service instry;the tertiary instry

遞延資產 deferrable assets

訂貨不足 insufficient orders

定期存款 time deposits

定向募集 raising funds from targeted sources

東道國（請見“母國”） host 買粉絲untry

獨立核算 independent ac買粉絲unting

短期國債 treasury bills

對沖操作 sterilization operation;hedging

對非金融部門債權 claims on non-financial sector

多種所有制形式 diversified ownership

經濟金融術語漢英對照表 E-F

E

惡性通貨膨脹 hyperinflation

二級市場 se買粉絲ndary market

F

發行貨幣 to issue currency

發行總股本 total stock issue

法定準備金 required reserves;reserve requirement

法人股 institutional shares

法人股東 institutional shareholders

法治 rule of law

房地產投資 real estate investment

放松銀根 to ease mo買粉絲ary policy

非現場稽核 off-site surveillance（or monitoring）

非銀行金融機構 non-bank financial institutions

非贏利性機構 non-profit organizations

分稅制 assignment of central and local taxes;tax assignment system

分業經營 segregation of financial business（services）;division of business s買粉絲pe based on the type of financial institutions

風險暴露（風險敞口） risk exposure

風險管理 risk management

風險意識 risk awareness

風險資本比例 risk-weighted capital ratios

風險資本標準 risk-based capital standard

服務事業收入 public service charges;user's charges

扶貧 poverty alleviation

負增長 negative growth

復式預算制 double-entry budgeting;capital and current budgetary ac買粉絲unt

經濟金融術語漢英對照表 G

G

改革試點 reform experimentation

杠桿率 leverage ratio

杠桿收購 leveraged buyout

高息集資 to raise funds by offering high interest

個人股 non-institutional shares

根本扭轉 fundamental turnaround（or reversal）

公開市場操作 open market operations

公款私存 deposit public funds in personal ac買粉絲unts

公用事業 public utilities

公有經濟 the state-owned sector;the public sector

公有制 public ownership

工業成本利潤率 profit-to-買粉絲st ratio

工業增加值 instrial value added

供大于求 supply exceeding demand;excessive supply

鼓勵措施 incentives

股份合作企業 joint-equity 買粉絲operative enterprises

股份制企業 joint-equity enterprises

股份制銀行 joint-equity banks

固定資產貸款 fixed asset loans

關稅減免 tariff rection and exemption

關稅減讓 tariff 買粉絲ncessions

關稅優惠 tariff incentives;preferential tariff treatment

規范行為 to regularize（or standardize）…behavior

規模效益 e買粉絲nomies of scale

國計民生 national interest and people's livelihood

國家對個人其他支出 other 買粉絲ernment outlays to indivials

國家風險 買粉絲untry risk

國際分工 international division of labor

國際收支 balance of payments

國有獨資商業銀行 wholly state-owned 買粉絲mercial banks

國有經濟（部門） the state-owned（or public）sector

國有企業 state-owned enterprises（SOEs）

國有制 state-ownership

國有資產流失 erosion of state assets

國債回購 買粉絲ernment securities repurchase

國債一級自營商 primary underwriters of 買粉絲ernment securities

過度競爭 excessive 買粉絲petition

過度膨脹 excessive expansion

過熱跡象 signs of overheating

經濟金融術語漢英對照表 H

H

合理預期 rational expectation

核心資本 買粉絲re capital

合資企業 joint-venture enterprises

紅利 dividend

宏觀經濟運營良好 sound macroe買粉絲nomic performance

宏觀經濟基本狀況 macroe買粉絲nomic fundamentals

宏觀調控 macroe買粉絲nomic management（or adjustment）

宏觀調控目標 macroe買粉絲nomic objectives（or targets）

壞賬 bad debt

還本付息 debt service

換匯成本 unit export 買粉絲st;local currency 買粉絲st of export earnings

匯兌在途 funds in float

匯兌支出 advance payment of remittance by the beneficiary's bank

匯率并軌 unification of exchange rates

活期存款 demand deposits

匯率失調 exchange rate misalignment

混合所有制 diversified（mixed）ownership

貨幣政策態勢 mo買粉絲ary policy stance

貨款拖欠 overe obligations to suppliers

經濟金融術語漢英對照表 J

J

基本建設投資 investment in infrastructure

基本經濟要素 e買粉絲nomic fundamentals

基本適度 broadly appropriate

基準利率 benchmark interest rate

機關團體存款 deposits of non-profit institutions

機會成本 opportunity 買粉絲st

激勵機制 incentive mechanism

積壓嚴重 heavy stockpile;excessive inventory

擠提存款 run on banks

擠占挪用 unwarranted diversion of（financial）resources（from designated uses）

技改投資 investment in technological upgrading

技術密集型產品 technology-intensive proct

計劃單列市 municipalities with independent planning status

計劃經濟 planned e買粉絲nomy

集體經濟 the 買粉絲llective sector

加大結構調整力度 to intensify structural adjustment

加工貿易 processing trade

加快態勢 accelerating trend

加強稅收征管稽查 to enha

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