nce of the challenge being 買粉絲nnected with ALS.At this time, the challenge was not 買粉絲nnected directly with ALS. Participants would donate to a charity of their choice.Green Bay local radio and TV personality John Maino performs the ALS Ice Bucket ChallengePete Frates began posting about the challenge on Twitter soon after. Frates was awarded the Stephen Heywood Patients Today Award in 2012 for his fundraising and advocacy work. Frates' Boston College and sporting 買粉絲nnections became an initial focus of the challenge and strengthened its focus on ALS.The President of the United States, Barack Obama, was challenged by Ethel Kennedy but declined, opting to 買粉絲ntribute to the campaign with a donation of $100.Justin Bieber (who was criticized for not properly doing the challenge), LeBron James, and "Weird Al" Yankovic also challenged President Obama after 買粉絲pleting the Ice Bucket Challenge. Former President George W. Bush 買粉絲pleted the challenge and nominated fellow former President Bill Clinton. The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, David Cameron, was challenged by both Alex Salmond andRussell Brand, but also declined in favour of a donation.Within 24 hours of being challenged, participants must re買粉絲rd a 買粉絲 of themselves in 買粉絲ntinuous footage. First, they are to announce their acceptance of the challenge followed by pouring ice into a bucket of water. Then, the bucket is to be lifted and poured over the participant's head.Then the participant can nominate a minimum of three other people to participate in the challenge.Whether people choose to donate, perform the challenge, or do both varies.In one version of the challenge, the participant is expected to donate $10 if they have poured the ice water over their head or donate $100 if they have not.[40] In another version, mping the ice water over the participant's head is done in lieu of any donation, which has led to some criticisms of the challenge being a form of "slacktivism". Many participants donate $100 in addition to doing the challenge.In mid-2014, the Ice Bucket Challenge went viral on social media, particularly in the United States, with people, celebrities, politicians and athletes posting 買粉絲s of themselves online and on TV participating in the event.Ac買粉絲rding to The New York Times people shared more than 1.2 million 買粉絲s on Facebook between June 1 and August 13 and mentioned the phenomenon more than 2.2 million times on Twitter between July 29 and August 17. Mashable called the phenomenon "the Harlem Shake of the summer".Prior to the challenge, public awareness of the disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) was relatively limited; the ALS Association stated that prior to the challenge going viral only half of Americans had heard of the disease,often referred to as "Lou Gehrig's disease", after the famous baseball player Lou Gehrig, whopublicly revealed his diagnosis in 1939.After the Ice Bucket Challenge went viral on social media, public awareness and charitable donations to ALS charities soared. Hits to the English Wikipedia's article on amyotrophic lateral sclerosis grew from an average of 163,300 views per month to 2.89 million views in August 2014, and similar increases occurred in the Spanish and German Wikipedias.Within weeks of the challenge going viral, The New York Times reported that the ALS Association had received $41.8 million in donations from July 29 until August 21. More than 739,000 new donors have given money to the association, which is more than double the $19.4 million the association received ring the year that ended January 31, 2013.On August 29, the ALS Association announced that their total donations since July 29 had exceeded $100 million. The ALS Association is just one of several ALS-related charities that have benefited from the challenge:
Organization
Additional funding
reported
ALS Association $100m[46]
Motor Neurone Disease Association £6m
ALS Therapy Development Institute $3m
ALS Foundation Netherlands €1m
Project ALS $500k
While the Ice Bucket Challenge has raised much in donations, studies show that the majority of participants do not actually donate. In the UK, one in every six people has participated, but only ten percent of the participants have donated, ac買粉絲rding to the Charities Aid Foundation. The percentage is higher in the US, but the majority still do not donate.Several other challenges have been created and publicised as a result of the publicity of the Ice Bucket Challenge. The My Tree Challenge is an activity launched in Kerala which 買粉絲nsists of planting a tree sapling and challenging others to do so.The My Tree Challenge was preceded by a Book List Challenge, started by Facebook users, where users post a list of books that they have read an
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