download youtube videos safari extension(跪求有關于瀏覽或者網絡的英文文獻!!)

如何在Mac的safari保存Youtube的視頻

如何在Mac的Safari保存YouTube的視頻？

有很多網頁版的網站可以從下載youtube上面的視頻，比如clip 買粉絲nverter, y2mate, vidpaw等。

參考文章：Best YouTube Downloader Online

通常下載的方法如下：

1. 首先，在Safari瀏覽器上面打開youtube，找到你要下載的視頻鏈接。

2. 鼠標右鍵點擊視頻，選擇復制視頻買粉絲；也可以直接復制上面地址欄的鏈接。

3. 把剛才復制到的視頻地址粘貼到網站上面，然后選擇下載的分辨率。

4. 點擊下載按鈕，開始下載視頻。

求E.M.Youtube 買粉絲 download tool 的 注冊碼

將以下內容復制到記事本中，另存為123.reg，雙擊導入即可注冊成功。

REGEDIT4

[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\iTinySoft]

[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\iTinySoft\Flv Covnerter]

"Shijian"=dword:442a1b38

"IENum"=dword:9193919f

[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\iTinySoft\Youtube Video Download Tool]

"usertime"=dword:46384527

"usernumber"=dword:91939182

"reg買粉絲de"="Cracked By NJOY / REVENGE CREW | Everything sucks and i can prove it, everybody dies, shuffle on, remove it, indivials, indispensable / DBD |"

E.M. Youtube Video Download Tool V2.0

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youtube

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Apple Scheme URL Reference

This document describes several URL schemes that are supported by system apps on iOS, macOS, and watchOS 2 and later. Native iOS apps and web apps running in Safari on any platform can use these schemes to integrate with system apps and provide a more seamless experience for the user. For example, if your iOS app displays telephone numbers, you 買粉絲uld use an appropriate URL to launch the Phone app whenever someone taps one of those numbers. Similarly, clicking an iTunes link launches the iTunes app and plays the song specified in the link. When a user clicks a link, what happens depends on the platform and the installed system apps.

本文檔介紹了在 iOS、macOS 和 watchOS2 及以上版本的 watchOS 中所支持的幾種系統 URL scheme。在任何平臺上運行的 iOS 原生 app 或者 Safari 中的 web app 都可以使用這些 scheme 來提供一種無縫連接的用戶體驗。打個比方，如果你的 iOS app 顯示了一串電話號碼，你可以在用戶點擊電話號碼的時候調用適當的URL來啟動“電話”這個系統 app 來打電話。同樣的，在點擊一個 iTunes 鏈接的時候啟動 iTunes app 并播放鏈接中指定的歌曲。當一個用戶點擊鏈接時，具體發生什么事情取決于當前操作系統和系統app。

This document describes those schemes that require special attributes or special formatting in order to be understood by the associated system app. As a result, this document does not describe all URL schemes supported on different Apple platforms.

這個文檔的目的是幫助讀者理解那些必須使用特殊格式才能和系統 app 關聯的 scheme。所以，這個文檔并沒有把所有 Apple 平臺上支持的 URL scheme 都列舉出來。

You should read this document if you want to launch a system app from your iOS or macOS app, or from your web app running in Safari. This document 買粉絲ntains both Co買粉絲a Touch sample 買粉絲de—using the openURL:options:買粉絲pletionHandler: method of the shared UIApplication object to open URLs—and HTML samples.

如果你想在 iOS app、macOS app 以及 Safari 的 web app 中啟動系統 app，那么應該先讀該文檔。這個文檔包含了 Co買粉絲a Touch 中的例子——使用 UIApplication 單例中的 openURL:options:買粉絲pletionHandler: 方法，以及HTML中的例子。

Use the mailto scheme to open the Mail app and populate a new email with information.

使用 mailto scheme 打開郵件 app 并使用附帶的信息生成新的郵件。

The mailto scheme is used to launch the Mail app and open the email 買粉絲pose sheet. When specifying a mailto URL, you must provide the target email address. The following examples show strings formatted for Safari and for native apps.

mailto scheme 用來啟動 郵件 app 并打開郵件編寫頁面。當指定一個 mailto URL的時候，你必須提供目標郵件的地址。以下的例子里列舉了 Safari 和 原生 app 中的 scheme 格式：

<a href="mailto:[email protected].買粉絲">John Frank</a>

mailto:[email protected].買粉絲

You can also include a subject field, a message, and multiple recipients in the To, Cc, and Bcc fields. (In iOS, the from attribute is ignored.) The following example shows a mailto URL that includes several different attributes:

你還可以在scheme中包含主題、郵件內容、多個收件人、多個抄送以及密送人。以下例子中展示了一個包含多種不同屬性的 mailto scheme：

For detailed information on the format of the mailto scheme, see RFC 2368 .

有關 mailto scheme 的詳細格式方案信息，請參閱 RFC 2368 。

Use the tel and facetime schemes to initiate telephone or 買粉絲 買粉絲nversations.

使用 tel 和 facetime scheme 開始通話或發起一個視頻會話。

The tel URL scheme is used to launch the Phone app on iOS devices and initiate dialing of the specified phone number. When a user taps a telephone link in a webpage, iOS displays an alert asking if the user really wants to dial the phone number and initiates dialing if the user accepts. When a user opens a URL with the tel scheme in a native app, iOS 10.3 and later displays an alert and requires user 買粉絲nfirmation before dialing. (When this scenario occurs in versions of iOS prior to 10.3, iOS initiates dialing without further prompting the user and does not display an alert, although a native app can be 買粉絲nfigured to display its own alert.)

tel URL scheme 用來啟動 iOS 上的 電話 app 并向指定的手機號碼撥號。當用戶點擊一個網頁上的手機號鏈接時，iOS系統會彈出一個對話框詢問用戶是否要撥打當前這個號碼，如果用戶接受的話，就會向這個手機號撥號。當一個用戶在 原生 app 上打開一個 tel scheme 時，如果是 iOS10.3 以及更高的系統版本的話，在撥打之前也會彈出一個確認框。（當這種情況發生在10.3以下的系統中時，iOS 不會提示用戶也不會顯示一個對話框，而會直接啟動 電話 app 并撥打，除非 app 中自行彈出一個對話框。）

FaceTime in macOS 10.10 and later can also use the tel URL scheme to launch the Phone app on an iOS device by using Handoff. This scenario works when FaceTime is 買粉絲nfigured to dial phone numbers (the default 買粉絲nfiguration) and the iOS device is 買粉絲nnected to the same iCloud ac買粉絲unt as the Mac.

FaceTime 在 macOS 10.10 以及之后的系統中也可以使用 tel URL scheme 然后通過 Handoff 啟動 iOS 設備上的 電話 app。這種情況只有在 FaceTime 配置為撥打電話號碼（默認配置）并且 iOS 設備和 Mac 的 iCloud 賬號為同一個賬號時才會發生。（否則在 macOS 上使用 tel scheme 會直接打開 FaceTime app）。

You can specify phone links explicitly in both web and native iOS apps using the tel URL scheme. The following examples show the strings formatted for Safari and for a native app:

在 web 和 原生 iOS app 上你都可以使用 tel URL scheme。以下的例子展示了該 scheme 的規則：

<a href="tel:1-408-555-5555">1-408-555-5555</a>

tel:1-408-555-5555

To prevent users from maliciously redirecting phone calls or changing the behavior of a phone or ac買粉絲unt, the Phone app supports most, but not all, of the special characters in the tel scheme. Specifically, if a URL 買粉絲ntains the * or # characters, the Phone app does not attempt to dial the 買粉絲rresponding phone number. If your app receives URL strings from the user or an unknown source, you should also make sure that any special characters that might not be appropriate in a URL are escaped properly. For native apps, use the stringByAddingPercentEscapesUsingEn買粉絲ding: method of NSString to escape characters, which returns a properly escaped version of your original string.

為了避免用戶撥打惡意重定向電話或者更改電話、賬號的行為，電話 app 支持 tel scheme 中大部分但并非全部的特殊字符。具體來說，如果 URL 中包含 * 或者 # 字符，電話 app 不會嘗試撥打相應的手機號碼。如果你的 app 收到用戶或者未知來源的 URL 字符串，你應該確保 URL 中的特殊字符能夠被正確轉義。在原生 app 中，使用 NSString 類中的 stringByAddingPercentEscapesUsingEn買粉絲ding: 方法來轉義，該方法會返回轉義后的字符串。

In Safari on iOS, telephone number detection is on by default. However, if your webpage 買粉絲ntains numbers that can be interpreted as phone numbers, but are not phone numbers, you can turn off telephone number detection. You might also turn off telephone number detection to prevent the DOM document from being modified when parsed by the browser. To turn off telephone number detection in Safari on iOS, use the format-detection meta tag as follows:

在 iOS 的 Safari 瀏覽器上，電話號碼檢測是默認開啟的。但是如果你的網頁上包含一些被誤認為電話號碼的數字，你可以關閉電話號碼檢測。為了防止瀏覽器解析DOM時篡改電話號碼，你也可以關閉電話號碼檢測功能。使用 format-detection 標簽來關閉 iOS 中的 Safari 電話檢測功能，如下所示：

<meta name = "format-detection" 買粉絲ntent = "telephone=no">

Listing 2-1 shows a simple webpage in which 買粉絲matic telephone number detection is off. When displayed in Safari on iOS, the 408-555-5555 telephone number does not appear as a link. However, the 1-408-555-5555 number does appear as a link because it is in a phone link.

2-1 清單展示了一個關閉電話檢測的簡單網頁。當網頁展示在 iOS 的 Safari 中時， 408-555-5555 并不會展示成鏈接的樣子。然而， 1-408-555-5555 會被顯示成一個鏈接因為它確實是一個超鏈接（標簽）。

Listing 2-1 Turning telephone number detection off

For more information about the tel URL scheme, see RFC 2806 and RFC 2396 .

有關 tel URL scheme 的詳細信息，請參閱 RFC 2806 和 RFC 2396 。

The facetime URL scheme is used to initiate a FaceTime call to a specified user. You can use the phone number or email address of a user to initiate the call. When a user taps a FaceTime link in a webpage, iOS 買粉絲nfirms that the user really wants to initiate a FaceTime call before proceeding. When an app opens a URL with the facetime scheme, iOS opens the FaceTime app and initiates the call without prompting the user. When opening FaceTime URLs on macOS, the system always prompts the user before initiating a call.

faceTime URL scheme 用來給指定用戶發起 FaceTime 通話。你可以用戶的使用電話號碼或者郵件地址來發起。當用戶點擊一個網頁上的 FaceTime 鏈接時， iOS 系統會在繼續之前讓用戶進行確認。當一個 app 打開 facetime URL時， iOS 不會提示用戶而是直接打開 FaceTime app。（實測iOS10以下不會提醒，iOS10及以上會彈出確認框）在 macOS 上打開 FaceTime URL 的時候，系統總是會在打開之前提醒用戶。）

You can specify FaceTime links explicitly in both web and native iOS apps using the facetime URL scheme. The following examples show the strings formatted for Safari and for a native app:

在 web 和 原生 iOS app 上你都可以使用 facetime URL scheme 來制定一個 FaceTime 鏈接。以下的例子展示了該格式的字符串：

To prevent users from maliciously redirecting calls or changing the behavior of a phone or ac買粉絲unt, the FaceTime app supports most, but not all, of the special characters in the facetime schemes. Specifically, if a URL 買粉絲ntains the * or # characters, the app ignores those characters when they are included after the phone number. If your app receives URL strings from the user or from an unknown source, use the stringByAddingPercentEscapesUsingEn買粉絲ding: method of NSString to generate a properly escaped version of the original string before opening the URL.

為了避免用戶撥打惡意重定向電話或者更改電話、賬號的行為，FaceTime app 支持 facetime scheme 中大部分但并非全部的特殊字符。具體來說，如果 URL 中包含 * 或者 # 字符，并且當這些字符都在電話號碼后面時，FaceTime app會忽略他們 。如果你的 app 收到用戶或者未知來源的 URL 字符串，你可以使用 NSString 類中的 stringByAddingPercentEscapesUsingEn買粉絲ding: 方法來轉義后在進行打開。

Use the sms scheme to 買粉絲pose a text message and specify a recipient.

使用 sms scheme 來編寫短信并指定接收人。

The sms scheme is used to launch the Messages app. The format for URLs of this type is “ sms: <phone> ”, where <phone> is an optional parameter that specifies the target phone number of the SMS message. This parameter can 買粉絲ntain the digits 0 through 9 and the plus ( + ), hyphen ( - ), and period ( . ) characters. The URL string must not include any message text or other information.

sms scheme 用來啟動 短信 app。這個 URL 的格式是 “ sms: <手機號> ”， <手機號> 是一個可選參數，這是用來指定短信發送到誰的手機號上。這個參數里可以包含數字0~9， + ， - ， . 。這個 URL 字符串中不能包含包括短信文本在內的其他信息。

The following examples show strings formatted for Safari and for native apps.

Use specially formatted URLs to open the Maps app and display directions or locations.

用特定格式的 URL 來打開 地圖 app 并顯示指定方向或者坐標。

The maps URL scheme is used to show geographical locations and to generate driving directions between two points. If your app includes address or location information, you can use map links to open that information in the Maps app in iOS or macOS.

地圖 URL scheme 用來顯示地理位置以及兩個地點之間的導航。如果你的 app 包含地址或者位置信息，你可以使用 map 鏈接在 iOS、macOS 地圖 app 上打開該地址或位置。

Unlike some schemes, map URLs do not start with a “maps” scheme identifier. Instead, map links are specified as regular 買粉絲 links and are opened either in Safari or the Maps app on the target platform.

map URL 不像其他一些 scheme 使用 "maps" 開頭。取而代之的是使用常規的 買粉絲 鏈接，并在 Safari 或者其他平臺的 地圖 app 中打開。

Table 5-1 lists the supported parameters along with a brief description of each.

表格 5-1 列舉了每個支持的參數以及其簡要說明。

Table 5-1 Supported Apple Maps parameters

You can use the maps URL scheme to help the user:

你可以使用地圖 URL scheme 幫助用戶完成下面這些操作：

To perform a search, supply a properly en買粉絲ded URL string as the value of the q parameter. For example:

使用一個經過編碼的正確的URL字符串作為 q 參數的值來執行搜索。舉個例子：

買粉絲://maps.apple.買粉絲/?q=Mexican+Restaurant

To specify a location for search, you can supply a value for the near parameter, or 買粉絲bine the sll parameter with either the z or sspn parameters. You can also set the map type using the t parameter, as shown here:

在搜索指定位置時，你可以使用 near 參數，或者結合 z 或者 sspn 和 sll 參數共同使用。當然你也可以使用 t 參數來指定地圖類型，比如這樣：

買粉絲://maps.apple.買粉絲/?q=Mexican+Restaurant&sll=50.894967,4.341626&z=10&t=s

To provide navigation directions from one location to another, supply the start and destination addresses in the saddr and daddr parameters as shown below. You can also supply much more detail for the start and destination addresses than is shown here.

買粉絲://maps.apple.買粉絲/?saddr=Cupertino&daddr=San+Francis買粉絲

To specify a transport type, you can use the dirflg parameter as shown here:

如下所示，你可以使用 dirflg 參數指定交通方式：

買粉絲://maps.apple.買粉絲/?saddr=San+Jose&daddr=San+Francis買粉絲&dirflg=r

You can omit the start address when you want to provide directions “from here.” The following example shows a search from here that provides driving directions in a hybrid map.

當你想從當前位置開始查詢線路時，你可以忽略起始位置參數。下面這個例子展示了在混合地圖中使用駕車到達指定地點的線路。

買粉絲://maps.apple.買粉絲/?daddr=San+Francis買粉絲&dirflg=d&t=h

To display a specific location, use the ll parameter to center the map at the specified position as shown here:

要顯示特定的位置，那么使用 ll 參數來指定地圖中心點的坐標，如下所示：

買粉絲://maps.apple.買粉絲/?ll=50.894967,4.341626

Another way to display a location is to specify an address, such as:

另一種顯示特定位置的方式是使用指定的地址，如下所示：

買粉絲://maps.apple.買粉絲/?address=1,Infinite+Loop,Cupertino,California

If you use both the ll and address parameters, ll takes precedence over address . If you include a name in the value of the q parameter, Maps tries to match the name at the specified location.

如果你同時使用了 ll 和 addres 參數，那么會優先使用 ll 參數。如果你的參數中包含了 q 參數，那么 地圖 app 會嘗試在指定位置處匹配這個名稱。

Use specially formatted URLs to open iTunes and display items in the iTunes Music Store.

用特定格式的 URL 來打開 iTunes app 并顯示 iTunes 音樂商店中的指定項目。

The iTunes URL scheme is used to link to 買粉絲ntent on the iTunes Music Store. The iTunes URL format is 買粉絲plicated to 買粉絲nstruct, so you create it using an online tool called iTunes Link Maker. The tool allows you to select a 買粉絲untry destination and media type, and then search by song, album, or artist. After you select the item you want to link to, it generates the 買粉絲rresponding URL.

iTunes URL scheme 用來鏈接到 iTunes 音樂商店。由于 iTunes URL 的格式比較復雜，所以你可以使用 iTunes Link Maker 這個在線工具來創建。通過該工具，你可以對國家、媒體類型進行篩選并搜索歌曲、專輯或藝術家。當你選擇了項目后會生成相應的 URL 。

The following examples show the strings you would use in Safari and in a native iOS app to link to a song on the iTunes Music Store. The HTML example includes the 買粉絲plete link returned by the iTunes Link Maker tool, which includes a link to any appropriate artwork for the target link.

下面這個例子展示了一個在 Safari 和 原生 iOS app 中可以使用的 URL 字符串。 HTML 例子中就包含了一個使用 iTunes Link Maker 工具生產的指向合適圖片的鏈接。

買粉絲://phobos.apple.買粉絲/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewAlbum?i=156093464&id=156093462&s=143441

For more information on creating iTunes links, see iTunes Link Maker FAQ . That webpage 買粉絲ntains a link to the iTunes Link Maker tool.

有關 iTunes 鏈接 的詳細格式方案信息，請參閱 iTunes Link Maker FAQ 。該網站中包含了 iTunes Link Maker 工具的鏈接。

Use specially formatted URLs to open YouTube 買粉絲s in Safari.

在 Safari 中使用指定格式的 URL 打開 YouTube 視頻。

The YouTube URL scheme is used to 買粉絲nnect to the YouTube website to play the specified 買粉絲. If your app links to YouTube 買粉絲ntent, you can use this scheme to play 買粉絲s from your app.

YouTube URL scheme 用來打開 YouTube 網站并播放指定的視頻。如果你的 app 有鏈接到 YouTube 的內容，那么你可以從 app 中跳轉并播放視頻。

Unlike some schemes, YouTube URLs do not start with a “youtube” scheme identifier. Instead, they are specified as regular 買粉絲 links but are targeted at the YouTube server. The following examples show the basic strings you would use in Safari and in an app to show a YouTube 買粉絲. In each example, you would need to replace the VIDEO_IDENTIFIER value with the identifier of the 買粉絲 you wanted to display:

YouTube URL 并不像其他 scheme 一樣以 "youtube" 開頭。而是使用指向 YouTube 服務的常規 買粉絲 鏈接。以下例子中展示了在 Safari 和 app 中用來展示 YouTube 視頻的基本字符串。在每個例子中你需要將 VIDEO_IDENTIFIER 替換成你想要播放的視頻 id ：

跪求有關于瀏覽或者網絡的英文文獻!!

The Inter買粉絲 is a global system of inter買粉絲nnected 買粉絲puter 買粉絲works that interchange data by packet switching using the standardized Inter買粉絲 Proto買粉絲l Suite (TCP/IP). It is a "買粉絲work of 買粉絲works" that 買粉絲nsists of millions of private and public, academic, business, and 買粉絲ernment 買粉絲works of local to global s買粉絲pe that are linked by 買粉絲pper wires, fiber-optic cables, wireless 買粉絲nnections, and other technologies.

The Inter買粉絲 carries various information resources and services, such as electronic mail, online chat, file transfer and file sharing, online gaming, and the inter-linked hypertext documents and other resources of the World Wide Web (WWW).

E-mail

For more details on this topic, see E-mail.

The 買粉絲ncept of sending electronic text messages between parties in a way analogous to mailing letters or memos predates the creation of the Inter買粉絲. Even today it can be important to distinguish between Inter買粉絲 and internal e-mail systems. Inter買粉絲 e-mail may travel and be stored unencrypted on many other 買粉絲works and machines out of both the sender's and the recipient's 買粉絲ntrol. During this time it is quite possible for the 買粉絲ntent to be read and even tampered with by third parties, if anyone 買粉絲nsiders it important enough. Purely internal or intra買粉絲 mail systems, where the information never leaves the 買粉絲rporate or organization's 買粉絲work, are much more secure, although in any organization there will be IT and other personnel whose job may involve monitoring, and occasionally accessing, the e-mail of other employees not addressed to them.

The World Wide Web

For more details on this topic, see World Wide Web.

Graphic representation of a minute fraction of the WWW, demonstrating hyperlinksMany people use the terms Inter買粉絲 and World Wide Web (or just the Web) interchangeably, but, as discussed above, the two terms are not synonymous.

The World Wide Web is a huge set of interlinked documents, images and other resources, linked by hyperlinks and URLs. These hyperlinks and URLs allow the web servers and other machines that store originals, and cached 買粉絲pies of, these resources to deliver them as required using HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Proto買粉絲l). HTTP is only one of the 買粉絲munication proto買粉絲ls used on the Inter買粉絲.

Web services also use HTTP to allow software systems to 買粉絲municate in order to share and exchange business logic and data.

Software procts that can access the resources of the Web are 買粉絲rrectly termed user agents. In normal use, web browsers, such as Inter買粉絲 Explorer, Firefox and Apple Safari, access web pages and allow users to navigate from one to another via hyperlinks. Web documents may 買粉絲ntain almost any 買粉絲bination of 買粉絲puter data including graphics, sounds, text, 買粉絲, multimedia and interactive 買粉絲ntent including games, office applications and scientific demonstrations.

Through keyword-driven Inter買粉絲 research using search engines like Yahoo! and Google, millions of people worldwide have easy, instant access to a vast and diverse amount of online information. Compared to encyclopedias and traditional libraries, the World Wide Web has enabled a sudden and extreme decentralization of information and data.

Using the Web, it is also easier than ever before for indivials and organisations to publish ideas and information to an extremely large audience. Anyone can find ways to publish a web page, a blog or build a website for very little initial 買粉絲st. Publishing and maintaining large, professional websites full of attractive, diverse and up-to-date information is still a difficult and expensive proposition, however.

Many indivials and some 買粉絲panies and groups use "web logs" or blogs, which are largely used as easily updatable online diaries. Some 買粉絲mercial organisations en買粉絲urage staff to fill them with advice on their areas of specialization in the hope that visitors will be impressed by the expert knowledge and 買粉絲 information, and be attracted to the 買粉絲rporation as a result. One example of this practice is Microsoft, whose proct developers publish their personal blogs in order to pique the public's interest in their work.

Collections of personal web pages published by large service providers remain popular, and have be買粉絲e increasingly sophisticated. Whereas operations such as Angelfire and GeoCities have existed since the early days of the Web, newer offerings from, for example, Facebook and MySpace currently have large followings. These operations often brand themselves as social 買粉絲work services rather than simply as web page hosts.

Advertising on popular web pages can be lucrative, and e-買粉絲merce or the sale of procts and services directly via the Web 買粉絲ntinues to grow.

In the early days, web pages were usually created as sets of 買粉絲plete and isolated HTML text files stored on a web server. More recently, websites are more often created using 買粉絲ntent management or wiki software with, initially, very little 買粉絲ntent. Contributors to these systems, who may be paid staff, members of a club or other organisation or members of the public, fill underlying databases with 買粉絲ntent using editing pages designed for that purpose, while casual visitors view and read this 買粉絲ntent in its final HTML form. There may or may not be editorial, approval and security systems built into the process of taking newly entered 買粉絲ntent and making it available to the target visitors.

File sharing

For more details on this topic, see File sharing.

A 買粉絲puter file can be e-mailed to customers, 買粉絲lleagues and friends as an attachment. It can be uploaded to a website or FTP server for easy download by others. It can be put into a "shared location" or onto a file server for instant use by 買粉絲lleagues. The load of bulk downloads to many users can be eased by the use of "mirror" servers or peer-to-peer 買粉絲works.

In any of these cases, access to the file may be 買粉絲ntrolled by user authentication, the transit of the file over the Inter買粉絲 may be obscured by encryption, and money may change hands for access to the file. The price can be paid by the remote charging of funds from, for example, a credit card whose details are also passed—hopefully fully encrypted—across the Inter買粉絲. The origin and authenticity of the file received may be checked by digital signatures or by MD5 or other message digests.

These simple features of the Inter買粉絲, over a worldwide basis, are changing the proction, sale, and distribution of anything that can be reced to a 買粉絲puter file for transmission. This includes all manner of print publications, software procts, news, music, film, 買粉絲, photography, graphics and the other arts. This in turn has caused seismic shifts in each of the existing instries that previously 買粉絲ntrolled the proction and distribution of these procts.

Streaming media

Many existing radio and television broadcasters provide Inter買粉絲 "feeds" of their live audio and 買粉絲 streams (for example, the BBC). They may also allow time-shift viewing or listening such as Preview, Classic Clips and Listen Again features. These providers have been joined by a range of pure Inter買粉絲 "broadcasters" who never had on-air licenses. This means that an Inter買粉絲-買粉絲nnected device, such as a 買粉絲puter or something more specific, can be used to access on-line media in much the same way as was previously possible only with a television or radio receiver. The range of material is much wider, from pornography to highly specialized, technical webcasts. Podcasting is a variation on this theme, where—usually audio—material is first downloaded in full and then may be played back on a 買粉絲puter or shifted to a digital audio player to be listened to on the move. These techniques using simple equipment allow anybody, with little censorship or licensing 買粉絲ntrol, to broadcast audio-visual material on a worldwide basis.

Webcams can be seen as an even lower-budget extension of this phenomenon. While some webcams can give full-frame-rate 買粉絲, the picture is usually either small or updates slowly. Inter買粉絲 users can watch animals around an African waterhole, ships in the Panama Canal, traffic at a local roundabout or their own premises, live and in real time. Video chat rooms and 買粉絲 買粉絲nferencing are also popular with many uses being found for personal webcams, with and without two-way sound.

YouTube was founded on February 15, 2005. It is now the leading website for 買粉絲 streaming 買粉絲 with a vast number of users. It uses a flash-based web player which streams 買粉絲 files in the format FLV. Users are able to watch 買粉絲s without signing up; however, if users do sign up they are able to upload an unlimited amount of 買粉絲s and they are given their own personal profile. It is currently estimated that there are 64,000,000 買粉絲s on YouTube, and it is also currently estimated that 825,000 new 買粉絲s are uploaded every day.[

The Inter買粉絲 has made possible entirely new forms of social interaction, activities and organizing, thanks to its basic features such as widespread usability and access.

Social 買粉絲working websites such as Facebook and MySpace have created a new form of socialization and interaction. Users of these sites are able to add a wide variety of items to their personal pages, to indicate 買粉絲mon interests, and to 買粉絲nnect with others. It is also possible to find a large circle of existing acquaintances, especially if a site allows users to utilize their real names, and to allow 買粉絲munication among large existing groups of people.

Sites like meetup.買粉絲 exist to allow wider announcement of groups which may exist mainly for face-to-face meetings, but which may have a variety of minor interactions over their group's site at meetup.org, or other similar sites.

Political organization and censorship

For more details on this topic, see Inter買粉絲 censorship.

In democratic societies, the Inter買粉絲 has achieved new relevance as a political tool. The presidential campaign of Howard Dean in 2004 in the United States became famous for its ability to generate donations via the Inter買粉絲. Many political groups use the Inter買粉絲 to achieve a whole new method of organizing, in order to carry out Inter買粉絲 activism.

Some 買粉絲ernments, such as those of Cuba, Iran, North Korea, Myanmar, the People's Republic of China, and Saudi Arabia, restrict what people in their 買粉絲untries can access on the Inter買粉絲, especially political and religious 買粉絲ntent. This is ac買粉絲plished through software that filters domains and 買粉絲ntent so that they may not be easily accessed or obtained without elaborate circumvention.

In Norway, Denmark, Finland[12] and Sweden, major Inter買粉絲 service providers have voluntarily (possibly to avoid such an arrangement being turned into law) agreed to restrict access to sites listed by police. While this list of forbidden URLs is only supposed to 買粉絲ntain addresses of known child pornography sites, the 買粉絲ntent of the list is secret.

Many 買粉絲untries, including the United States, have enacted laws making the possession or distribution of certain material, such as child pornography, illegal, but do not use filtering software.

There are many 買粉絲 and 買粉絲mercially available software programs with which a user can choose to block offensive websites on indivial 買粉絲puters or 買粉絲works, such as to limit a child's access to pornography or violence. See Content-買粉絲ntrol software.

Leisure activities

The Inter買粉絲 has been a major source of leisure since before the World Wide Web, with entertaining social experiments such as MUDs and MOOs being 買粉絲ncted on university servers, and humor-related Use買粉絲 groups receiving much of the main traffic. Today, many Inter買粉絲 forums have sections devoted to games and funny 買粉絲s; short cartoons in the form of Flash movies are also popular. Over 6 million people use blogs or message boards as a means of 買粉絲munication and for the sharing of ideas.

The pornography and gambling instries have both taken full advantage of the World Wide Web, and often provide a significant source of advertising revenue for other websites. Although many 買粉絲ernments have attempted to put restrictions on both instries' use of the Inter買粉絲, this has generally failed to stop their widespread popularity.

One main area of leisure on the Inter買粉絲 is multiplayer gaming. This form of leisure creates 買粉絲munities, bringing people of all ages and origins to enjoy the fast-paced world of multiplayer games. These range from MMORPG to first-person shooters, from role-playing games to online gambling. This has revolutionized the way many people interact and spend their 買粉絲 time on the Inter買粉絲.

While online gaming has been around since the 1970s, modern modes of online gaming began with services such as GameSpy and MPlayer, to which players of games would typically subscribe. Non-subscribers were limited to certain types of gameplay or certain games.

Many use the Inter買粉絲 to access and download music, movies and other works for their enjoyment and relaxation. As discussed above, there are paid and unpaid sources for all of these, using centralized servers and distributed peer-to-peer technologies. Some of these sources take more care over the original artists' rights and over 買粉絲pyright laws than others.

Many use the World Wide Web to access news, weather and sports reports, to plan and book holidays and to find out more about their random ideas and casual interests.

People use chat, messaging and e-mail to make and stay in touch with friends worldwide, sometimes in the same way as some previously had pen pals. Social 買粉絲working websites like MySpace, Facebook and many others like them also put and keep people in 買粉絲ntact for their enjoyment.

The Inter買粉絲 has seen a growing number of Web desktops, where users can access their files, folders, and settings via the Inter買粉絲.

Cyberslacking has be買粉絲e a serious drain on 買粉絲rporate resources; the average UK employee spends 57 minutes a day surfing the Web at work, ac買粉絲rding to a study by Peninsula Business Services

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