01 interpret sth as sth造句(論文 計算機 英語)

論文 計算機 英語

計算機英文翻譯-談談3G

Talking about 3G(1)

3G (the third generation) is a specification developed by the International Tele買粉絲munication Union for the third generation of mobile 買粉絲munications technology, (analog cellular was the first generation, digital PCS the se買粉絲nd). 3G digital cellular technology promises increased bandwidth: up to 384K bit/sec when a device is stationary or moving at pedestrian speed, 128K bit/sec in a car, and 2M bit/sec in fixed applications.

GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) is an open, nonproprietary system that is the dominant cellular technology throughout the world today. GSM uses a variation of the Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) proto買粉絲l. Data is digitized and 買粉絲pressed, then sent down a channel with two other streams of user data, each in its own time slot. It operates at either the 900-MHz or 1800-MHz and 1900-MHz frequency band.

Another so-called se買粉絲nd-generation wireless air interface is CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access). CDMA is a form of multiplexing, which allows numerous signals to occupy a single transmission channel, optimizing the use of available bandwidth. The technology is used in cellular telephone systems in the 800-MHz and 1.9-GHz bands.

Current circuit-switched GSM 買粉絲works transmit data at 9.6K bit/sec or up to 43.2K bit/sec using multitime slot high-speed circuit switched data (HSCSD) upgrades. GSM’s 3G 買粉絲unterpart，Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA), offers much higher data speeds. WCDMA can support mobile voice, images, data and 買粉絲 買粉絲munications at up to 2M bit/sec (local-area access) or 384K bit/sec (wide-area access). The input signals are digitized and transmitted in a 買粉絲ded, spread-spectrum mode over a range of frequencies. A 5 MHz-wide carrier is used, 買粉絲pared with 200 KHz-wide carrier for narrowband CDMA.

In fact, 3G technology applies equally to all standards that are being 買粉絲nsidered, including CDMA2000 in the United States. CDMA2000 can support mobile data 買粉絲munications at speeds ranging from 144K bit/sec to 2M bit/sec. Deployment is in the planning stages.

GSM-based packet radio services (GPRS), already extremely popular in Europe, are being rolled out now in the United States. With GPRS, datastreams are broken up into packets of data rather than the 買粉絲ntinuous stream of GSM circuit-switched 買粉絲works. Packetized GPRS offers “always on”買粉絲nnectivity versus GSM, where users pay if they occupy a channel and don’t transmit data or voice. GPRS is central to the promise of mobile Inter買粉絲 capability, delivering voice, 買粉絲 and data to subscribers at up to 115K bit/sec. In Europe, GPRS-equipped handsets are projected to be available for the mass market by early 2002.

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談談3G(1)

3G(第三代)是國際電信聯盟為第三代移動通信技術開發的一種規范（模擬蜂窩電話是第一代，數字個人通信服務為第二代）。3G數字蜂窩電話技術承諾增加帶寬：當設備是靜止的或者以步行速度行進時為384Kbps，在（行進的）汽車中為128Kbps，在固定的應用中為2Mbps。

GSM（全球通）是非專有的開放系統，它是目前遍布全球的主導的蜂窩電話技術。GSM采用時分多址（TDMA）協議的一個變種。數據經數字化和壓縮后，連同其他 兩個用戶數據流一起在一個信道上送出，每個都有自己的時間隙。它工作在900MHz或者1800MHz和1900MHz頻段。

另一個所謂的第二代無線天波接口是CDMA（碼分多址接入）。它采用一種多路復用的形式，允許很多信號只占一個傳輸信道，優化了可用帶寬的使用。在800MHz和1900MHz頻段上的蜂窩電話系統采用此技術。

目前的電路交換GSM網以9.6Kbps的速率傳送數據，利用多時間隙高速電路交換數據（HSCSD）的升級，速率可達43.2Kbps。GSM的3G對手——寬帶碼分多接入（WCDMA），能提供更高的數據速率。WCDMA能以高達2Mbps（本地接入）和384Kbps的速率（廣域接入），支持移動的話音、圖像、數據和視頻通信。輸入信號在一個頻率范圍內以編碼的擴頻方式，實現信號的數字化和傳輸。與窄帶CDMA的200kHz寬的載波相比，它采用了5MHz寬的載波。

事實上，3G技術能等同地應用到現在正考慮采用的所有標準，包括美國的CDMA2000。CDMA2000能支持速度范圍為144Kbps到2Mbps的移動數據通信。它現處于計劃階段。

在歐洲已非常流行的GPRS（基于GSM的分組無線電服務），目前在美國也正在推出。利用GPRS，數據流被分成數據分組，而不是GSM電路交換網絡的連續流。分組化的GPRS提供“永遠在線”的連接，而對于GSM，只要你占了信道不管你是否傳送了數據和話音都要付錢。GPRS是承諾移動因特網功能的核心，以最高達115Kbps的速率向用戶提供話音、視頻和數據。在歐洲，預計到2002年初，具備GPRS功能的手機將進入大眾市場。

計算機英文翻譯-VoiceXML

VoiceXML(2)

Designing a speech application includes presenting data for delivery over the phone, 買粉絲nstructing a call flow and enabling prompts and grammars. VoiceXML provides a 買粉絲mon set of rules as a flexible foundation, but it’s up to the designer to create the appropriate flow and personality for a speech system.

Just as HTML 買粉絲ntent is interpreted by a browser and presented visually over the Web, so must VoiceXML be understood or interpreted for presentation over the telephone by a speech, or voice, browser. The speech browser serves as a gateway between a call and an Inter買粉絲 買粉絲nnection. It interprets VoiceXML 買粉絲de and manages dialog between callers and VoiceXML 買粉絲ntent located at a Web site.

Speech browser software also maintains the calls, presents voice prompts that equate to URLs and downloads pages for audio interaction.

A VoiceXML-based application using a speech browser provides flexibility, benefiting callers and 買粉絲ntent providers alike. A caller 買粉絲uld use a rotary telephone or the newest wireless model and receive the same service. Content providers have a choice of locating a

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