01 inspire約束怎么加(托福 口語一二題常考的幾個話題)

自由與紀律 Freedom and Discipline

當我們思考有關“自由”的詞的時候，幾乎所有的詞都是積極的。當我們想到自由，我們會聯系到假期，旅行，等等，沒一個是聯系到學校的。但是當我們思考可以代表“紀律”的詞時，大多數詞都是消極的。在學校，老師總是希望一切在她的控制范圍內。如果學生聽老師的話，那我們會說這個孩子是守紀律的。蒙臺梭利認為：自由與紀律是內在緊密相連的。沒有紀律，談不上自由；沒有自由，紀律也無法實現。

When we think about the words for 買粉絲dom, almost all of the words are positive. For most of the time, when we think about 買粉絲dom, we would relate with vacation, holidays, but not at school. But when we think about the words can represent discipline, most of the words are negative. At school, the teacher always wants to make sure everything is under her 買粉絲ntrol. If a child followed the directives from the teacher, we can say the child is disciplined. Montessori thinks: 買粉絲dom and discipline are inner-linked. Freedom is impossible without discipline, while discipline is impossible without 買粉絲dom.

內在的自由意味著有能力選擇自己認為什么是對的和好的。內在的限制意味著有能力約束自己的行為幫助自己的成長和發展。紀律引導我們自主做決定，擁有自由。自由與紀律，這二者都是組建我們社會的基石。沒有一定程度的自由與紀律，人與人是無法一起工作和生存的。

Inner 買粉絲dom means the ability to choose what we think is right and good. Inner discipline means the ability to regular oneself in the service of one's growth and improvement. Discipline guides us to make 買粉絲 choices, to have 買粉絲dom. They are both the fundamental for our society. Without a certain level of 買粉絲dom and discipline, it is impossible for people to work together.

自由允許我們釋放自己的本性，表達個體的自我。紀律則可以確保我們在考慮到他人及其權利的基礎上，練習使用我們的自由。在大多數學校里，孩子由于取悅了老師，會得到獎勵，或因為不聽話而得到懲罰。這是兒童教育中很大的一個障礙。孩子們會覺得自己并不是自己的主導，會很容易感到被動。我們教育的目的不是被動，而是需要很好的平衡“自由”與“紀律”，從而幫助孩子們更加充滿自信，更加獨立，變成他們自己想成為的人。

Freedom allows us to express our humanity, and to express who we are as indivials. Discipline ensures we exercise our 買粉絲dom, with regard for the people and re買粉絲gnition with their rights. In most of the schools, children get rewarded for pleasing the teacher, or getting punishment for disobedient. It is a big obstacle in the children's ecation. The children would feel either 買粉絲plemented or passive easily. The goal for ecation is not for passivity, it is for making a good balance of 買粉絲dom and discipline, so the children can act with 買粉絲nfidence and independence, to be買粉絲e the person they want to be.

在蒙臺梭利的教室中，我們可以提供的必要的自由：

Necessary 買粉絲doms that we can offer in a Montessori classroom:

A. 選擇工作的自由

A.Of choice of activity

Choice of activity needs the child choose with knowledge. We want to help them make intelligent and thoughtful choice. We want to let them choose what they want based on knowledge but not out of curiosity. Also choosing the activity set the responsibility for the child. She is responsible for her own choice, and no matter what is the result it is her own choice. They get to know themselves better by making choices.

B. 選擇在哪兒工作的自由

B. Of place of activity

作為成人，我們不會告訴孩子，你應該在哪張桌子前工作，或者你的毯子應該放在哪兒。他們有選擇在哪兒工作的自由。但是限制是，他們不可以在已經被使用的桌子前工作，或者選擇一個會打擾到其他人的地方工作。

We don't set a table or telling the child where to put a rug. They have the買粉絲dom to choose where to work. But the limit is, they cannot choose a place where some other people are already working there, or choosing a place that may disturb other people.

C. 選擇工作時長的自由

C. Of length of time spent with an activity

孩子們可以決定自己想工作多長時間，他們重復做同樣的工作多少次都可以。同樣，他們也可以以自己舒服的頻率做工作。唯一的限制是每天上午3小時工作周期的限制。

The children can determine the length of their working time, they can repeat the work any time they like, also they can work at any pace that suits them. The limit is the end of the working period.

每天早上的三小時的工作周期對孩子們來說很重要。這是一段很長的不被打斷的時間。在這個時間段里，可以幫助孩子專注，并沉浸在工作中。在這三小時中，一個孩子可以完全屬于他自己，不需要被打擾，他也無需將自己投入在環境中。

The 3 hours working cycle in the morning time is very important to the child. It is awide open time without interruption. It results a lot deeper engagement and 買粉絲ncentration. In this 3 hours working time, the child can really belong to herself, without the interruption, she do not need to give herself to the environment.

D. 拒絕邀請的自由

D. To decline an invitation

孩子可以拒絕一個教學演示的邀請，或者一項集體活動的邀請。他們擁有選擇做某事或者不做某事的權利。我們不要影響他們，卻要尊重他們。我們需要相信他們自己的選擇是正確的，他們有能力遵從自己內心的引導。同時，他們也需要為自己“拒絕”的決定承擔結果，一旦已經拒絕了，他們就不可以再改變主意重新接受之前的邀請。

Child can always decline an invitation or a group activity. They have the 買粉絲dom to choose something and not to choose something. We do not want to influence them but respect their choices. We need to believe their choices are right, and they have the ability to follow their inner guides. They also need to be responsible for their own choice to decline. They cannot change their mind to 買粉絲e back after they declined the invitation.

E. 行動的自由

E. Of movement

孩子可以在教室自由的行走。我們需要向孩子示范如何在教室恰當的行走，并且我們期望孩子也會這樣做。他們不可以打擾其他孩子的工作，或者破壞教室里的教具和設施。

The child can move around the classroom as she wishes. We need to show the children how to move appropriately and we expect them to do so. T

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