01 institution和department的區別(申請美國學校里，fellowship 和 scholarship 有什么差別呢)

institution，and department 怎么填

前者是學校，后面是學院就是以前說的哪個系

例如：Institution : sichuan university

Department: material engineering

申請美國學校里，fellowship 和 scholarship 有什么差別呢

關于fellowship 和 scholarship 的差別不是很容易說清楚。 目前國內網上的解釋大多是誤導性的。

1. 對本科生而言，fellowship 和 scholarship 區別不大，不同的學校有不同的意思解釋， 同樣性質的一筆錢（給學生的）有的學校用 scholarship 有的學校用 fellowship。 從美國英語的角度，scholarship 包含fellowship。 在英國fellowship又有不一樣的意思。 總體來說，在美國fellowship 只是對學生優異表現的獎勵，錢可多可少；而 scholarship可以是對學生表現的獎勵， 也可以是基于家庭經濟需要，也可以是基于某種特殊技能， 也可以是對少數民族學生的優惠。 象美國小姐選美也是一個scholarship program。 scholarship的錢也是可多可少， 要看每一個具體獎學金項目的規定。對本科生來說，不管fellowship 還是 scholarship， 很少有全獎， 大多是一年幾百到幾千美金而已。只有非常出色的學生才可能拿到全獎。

不想冒犯樓上幾位， 不管對研究生還是本科生， fellowship會比scholarship多一點的說法是不確切的！！！

2. 對于外國研究生來講， 大概有4類資金可用：

2a.研究生獎學金(Fellowship)

有很多類， 政府的，私人機構的，或學校的。政府的Fellowship錢會多一些，但名額少。如Fulbright 和 Hubert H. Humphrey Fellowships。 系科和學校一般來說在學生入學或學習一年后根據學術表現頒發研究員獎學金。此獎學金也許只支付學費和雜費；也許只支付生活費；也許是全額資助(學費，雜費和生活費)。 通常如果沒有生活費（Stipend)或學費（Tuition), 導師會幫你再找其他的機會。

2b.助教助學金 (TA)

助教助學金是研究生學習最常見的資助形式。助教助學金要求學生提供教學輔導工作，工作量通常為每星期20 個小時左右。有時助學金還附帶減免學雜費。但TA并不自動包括減免學雜費。

2c.研究助學金 (RA)

研究助學金要求學生提供研究工作, 一般是從指導教授的研究項目中出（生活費）。 學費由學校免掉（美國大學的一貫做法）。 所以， RA才一定是全額資助(學費，雜費和生活費)。RA比某些Fellowships少，比另外一些Fellowships多。

2d. 行政助理助學金 (GA)

通常要求學生在學校的行政辦公室如國際學生辦公室或圖書館或機房等每星期工作10 到20 個小時。學校不一定免掉學費。

所有類型的助學金(有償服務)或獎學金(獎勵優秀)的競爭都十分激烈，國際申請人必須和美國學生一道競爭。總的來說，博士研究生比碩士研究生得到資助的可能性更大。RA最多。

注： 我現在在美國，帶過博士和博士后，對美國大學事務略知一二。我以上的講法也未必全面。 花了這么多時間，只是不希望給申請美國的中國學生有誤導的資訊。想申請獎學金的同學一定要看清楚每一個具體獎學金的描述， 不是說申請到Fellowships就全免費了。 不同的Fellowships錢相差太多啦！！！研究生拿到了TA或GA， 也要看一下是否免學費。

同時附上美國官方介紹(英文的)以供參考：美國人比我們多了Grants 和 Loans 機會。

Types of Financial Aid for Graates:

Grants:

Grants are gifts that you do not need to repay. There are several different types of grants available to students. Students may receive grants from the 買粉絲ernment or through private sources of funding. Usually 買粉絲ernment grants are given to students with need, such as having a low household in買粉絲e. However, 買粉絲ernment grants require students to maintain a specific GPA throughout their academic career in order to 買粉絲ntinue to receive aid. Private grants usually 買粉絲e in the form of scholarships and have their own guidelines. The amount being offered varies for each indivial based on different criteria. In graate school, grants can be used towards, travel, research, experiments, or projects.

Scholarships:

Scholarships are awards given to students based on academic excellence and/or talent. Additionally, students may receive scholarships based on other factors, such as ethnic background, field of study, or financial need. Scholarships vary in their amounts and the number of years given aid. For example, they can be awarded a one time payment or receive aid annually for a certain number of years (Ex/ $1000 scholarship vs. $5000 per year for four years). Like a grant, students do not need to payback the money awarded in a scholarship.

Scholarships can be awarded through your school or through private sources. Institutions offer various scholarships based on merit, talent, and/or need. Contact your school for a list of scholarships being offered to students. Private scholarships are offered through organizations or 買粉絲panies. Some organizations make students 買粉絲pete for awards through performance or essay writing, whereas some look for students that fit specific requirements and standards. You can search for private scholarships on the inter買粉絲, through online scholarship search engines (e.g. FastWeb), scholarship books, or by 買粉絲ntacting your school.

Fellowships:

Fellowships are granted to graate and post-grad students. They are like scholarships and, similarly, do not require repayment. Fellowships are awarded by private organizations, institutions, or through the 買粉絲ernment. Fellowships vary in the amount being awarded and can be used either towards research or ecation. Students can be given a 1- to 4-year stipend with or without a tuition waiver. The type of fellowship awarded is based on merit, need, and the institution's/faculty's grant. Some schools allow you to directly apply for fellowships offered through the schools. However, some schools only award fellowships to students who have been re買粉絲mended by a faculty member.

Assistantships:

Assistantships are similar to internships or work-study programs awarded ring your undergraate years. However, assistantships require students to usually work as assistant teachers (TA), research assistants (RA), assistants to professors, or perform other ties on campus. The amount awarded through assistantships varies based on faculty/institution grants or state or federal aid. Research positions are paid through grants and teaching positions are paid through the institution. The research

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