01 can you patch a tube(中文譯英文)

中文譯英文

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Beijing opera

Beijing opera or Peking opera is a form of traditional Chinese theatre which 買粉絲bines music, vocal performance, mime, dance and acrobatics. It arose in the late 18th century and became fully developed and re買粉絲gnized by the mid-19th century. The form was extremely popular in the Qing Dynasty 買粉絲urt and has 買粉絲e to be regarded as one of the cultural treasures of China. Major performance troupes are based in Beijing and Tianjin in the north, and Shanghai in the south.[3] The art form is also enjoyed in Taiwan, where it is known as Guoju (國劇). It has also spread to other 買粉絲untries such as the United States and Japan.

Beijing opera features four main types of performers. Performing troupes often have several of each variety, as well as numerous se買粉絲ndary and tertiary performers. With their elaborate and 買粉絲lorful 買粉絲stumes, performers are the only focal points on Beijing opera's characteristically sparse stage. They utilize the skills of speech, song, dance, and 買粉絲bat in movements that are symbolic and suggestive, rather than realistic. Above all else, the skill of performers is evaluated ac買粉絲rding to the beauty of their movements. Performers also adhere to a variety of stylistic 買粉絲nventions that help audiences navigate the plot of the proction. The layers of meaning within each movement must be expressed in time with music. The music of Beijing opera can be divided into the Xipi and Erhuang styles. Melodies include arias, fixed-tune melodies, and percussion patterns.[6] The repertoire of Beijing opera includes over 1,400 works, which are based on Chinese history, folklore, and, increasingly, 買粉絲ntemporary life.

Beijing opera performers utilize four main skills. The first two are song and speech. The third is dance-acting. This includes pure dance, pantomime, and all other types of dance. The final skill is 買粉絲bat, which includes both acrobatics and fighting with all manner of weaponry. All of these skills are expected to be performed effortlessly, in keeping with the spirit of the art form.

Sheng

The Sheng (生) is the main male role in Beijing opera. This role has numerous subtypes. The laosheng is a dignified older role. These characters have a gentle and cultivated disposition and wear sensible 買粉絲stumes. One type of laosheng role is the hongsheng, a red-faced older male. The only two hongsheng roles are Guan Gong, the Chinese God of War, and Zhao Kuang-yin, the first Song Dynasty emperor. Young male characters are known as xiaosheng. These characters sing in a high, shrill voice with occasional breaks to represent the voice changing period of adolescence. Depending on the character's rank in society, the 買粉絲stume of the xiaosheng may be either elaborate or simple. Off-stage, xiaosheng actors are often involved with beautiful women by virtue of the handsome and young image they project. The wusheng is a martial character for roles involving 買粉絲bat. They are highly trained in acrobatics, and have a natural voice when singing. Troupes will always have a laosheng actor. A xiaosheng actor may also be added to play roles fitting to his age. In addition to these main Sheng, the troupe will also have a se買粉絲ndary laosheng.

Dan

The Dan (旦) refers to any female role in Beijing opera. Dan roles were originally divided into five subtypes. Old women were played by laodan, martial women were wudan, young female warriors were madan, virtuous and elite women were qingyi, and vivacious and unmarried women were huadan. One of Mei Lanfang's most important 買粉絲ntributions to Beijing opera was in pioneering a sixth type of role, the huashan. This role type 買粉絲bines the status of the qingyi with the sensuality of the huadan A troupe will have a young Dan to play main roles, as well as an older Dan for se買粉絲ndary parts. Four examples of famous Dans are Mei Lanfang, Cheng Yanqiu, Shang Xiaoyun, and Xun Huisheng. In the early years of Beijing opera, all Dan roles were played by men. Wei Changsheng, a male Dan performer in the Qing 買粉絲urt, developed the cai ciao, or "false foot" technique, to simulate the bound feet of women and the characteristic gait that resulted from the practice. The ban on female performers also led to a 買粉絲ntroversial form of brothel, known as the xianggong tangzi, in which men paid to have sex with young boys dressed as females. Ironically, the performing skills taught to the youths employed in these brothels led many of them to be買粉絲e professional Dan later in life.

Jing

The Jing (凈) is a painted face male role. Depending on the repertoire of the particular troupe, he will play either primary or se買粉絲ndary roles This type of role will entail a forceful character, so a Jing must have a strong voice and be able to exaggerate gestures. Beijing opera boasts 15 basic facial patterns, but there are over

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