01 國際貿易到岸價是怎樣付款的(裝運-外貿實務口語句型及對話第14課)

國際貿易中哪個術語是到岸價?

CIF經常被說成是”到岸價格”，甚至一些正規媒體也時常出現這樣的說法，而實際上，稱“CIF”為“到岸價格”并不準確。

CIF=運費+保險費+成本，從表面上看，的確包括到岸的運費和保險費，人們經常稱其為到岸價格，僅僅是從價格構成來命名的。DES才是真正的到岸價

DES是Deliver Ex Ship的縮寫，意思是卸貨船邊交貨。

而CIF只是簡單的Cost Insurance Freight的縮寫，就是成本+保險+運費，并沒有包括卸貨到岸上的價格。所以嚴格來說不能算是到岸價

比如，國內某公司以CIF紐約價格條件向美國出口某商品，在投保一切保險后還加投了戰爭險和罷工險。在載貨船舶未抵達紐約港前，船方獲悉紐約港正在罷工，無法在紐約港卸貨，于是將貨卸到了紐約附近的一個港口。一個月后，罷工結束，貨物又由該港轉運到紐約港，但增加了1500美金的費用。對這筆費用產生了爭議，保險公司雖然接受了罷工險，但因罷工改港卸貨增加的費用屬于間接損失，所以保險公司拒絕賠償；承運人根據提單的免責條款也可以不負責任。而在CIF條件下，賣方負擔的是正常費用，在貨物越過船舷后，其他費用及風險都轉移到買方了。爭議的結果是，1500的非正常運費由買方承擔。

簡單地講，CIF在價格結構是是包含了成本及到岸前的正常運費及保險，但在交貨義務及風險轉移方面，都是在貨物越過船舷后開始的，而不是到目的港開始，所以不能稱為到岸價格。

那真正意義上的到岸價格是什么呢？

DES：目的港船上交貨（……指定目的港）"是指在指定的目的港，貨物在船上交給買方處置，但不辦理貨物進口清關手續，賣方即完成交貨。賣方必須承擔貨物運至指定的目的港卸貨前的一切風險和費用。DES價格條件下，買方必須在合同規定條件下，在規定時間和地點將貨物交付，不能僅以提交提單來做為完成交貨任務的界限。同時在運輸過程中直至貨物抵港前風險及發生的額外費用都由賣方承擔。

裝運-外貿實務口語句型及對話第14課

Unit 14 Shipment 裝運

1. How long does it usually take you to make a delivery? 通常你方需要多長時間交貨？

2. As a rule, we deliver all our orders within three months afterreceipt of the 買粉絲vering L/C. 一般說來，我們在收到有關的信用證后三個月內可交貨。

3. Could you possibly advance shipment further more? 你方能不能再提前一點交貨？

4. I hope that the goods can be shipped promptly after you get our L/C. 我希望你們能在收到我方信用證后馬上裝運。

5. Shipment should be made before October，otherwise we are not able to catch the season. 十月底前必須交貨，否則就趕不上季節了。

6. The earliest shipment we can make is early March. 三月初是我們能夠做到的最早交貨日期。

7. I'm sorry，we can't advance the time of shipment. 很抱歉，我們不能提前交貨。

8. The order is so urgently required that we must ask you to expedite shipment. 我方迫切需要這次訂貨，故請貴方加快裝運。

9. We are 買粉絲nfident of being able to ship the goods to you by the end of next month. 我們相信能在下月底前將貨物裝運給你們。

10. The goods ordered are all in stock and we assure you that the first steamer will make the shipment available in November. 貴公司訂購的貨物我方均有現貨，可保證在十一月份將貨物裝上第 一條便船。

11. Please see to it that the goods are shipped per PEACE sailing on or about October 15th. 請確保貨物由十月十五日左右啟航的 "和平輪"裝運。

12. Shipment by the middle of October will be too late for us. 十月中旬交貨太晚了。

13. We'll try our best to advance shipment to September. 我們會盡努力將交貨期提前到九月。

14. When is the earliest possible date you can ship the goods? 你們最早什么時候可以裝運？

15. I wonder whether you can make shipment in September. 我想知道你們能否在九月份裝運。

16. How long will the delivery take from here to Canada by sea freight? 從這里到加拿大海運需多長時間？

17. I don't think I can promise you any January shipments. 我不能保證一月份發貨。

18. Please be informed that the shipment of the cargo (your purchase order No. 123) was sent yesterday, airway bill No.123. 特此通知這批貨物（你方訂單號碼是No.123）昨天已裝運，航 空貨物的領取號碼是No.123。

19. In case you do not receive the goods on or before December 12, please let us know. 萬一你方沒有在12月12日或之前收到貨物，請告知我方。

20. We will do all we can to fill your order so that the goods will be shipped before October 15. 我方將盡全力履行此訂單，將于10月15日前安排這些貨物裝船。

ConversationsDialogue 1A: Now we have settled the terms of payment. Is it possible to effect shipment ring September? B: I don't think we can. A: Then when is the earliest we can expect shipment? B: By the middle of October, I think. A: That's too late. You see, November is the season for this 買粉絲modity in our market, and our Customs formalities are rather 買粉絲pli- cated. B: I understand. A: Besides, the flow through the marketing channels and the red tape involved take at least a 買粉絲uple of weeks. Thus, after ship- ment it will be four to five weeks altogether before the goods can reach our retailers. The goods must therefore be shippedbefore October;otherwise we won't be in time for the selling season.

-- 現在我們已經談妥了付款條件，你方是否能夠在九月份裝船? -- 我看不行。 -- 那么最早什么時候可以裝船呢? -- 恐怕要在十月中旬。 -- 那太遲了。你知道，在我方市場上，十一月份是這種商品的上 市季節，而我們的海關手續又相當復雜。 -- 我明白。 -- 另外，通過銷售渠道以及繁瑣的公文程序，起碼要花上幾個星 期。這樣從裝船后到我們的零售商收到貨物，總共要用四、五 個星期。因此，十月份前貨物必須裝船，否則我們就趕不上銷 售季節了。 B: But our factories are fully 買粉絲mitted for the third quarter. In fact, many of our clients are placing orders for delivery in the fourth quarter. A: Mr. Brown, you certainly realize that the time of delivery is a mat- ter of great importance to us. If we place our goods on the market at a time when all other importers have already sold their goods at profitable prices, we shall lose out. B: I see your point. However, we have done more business this year than any of the previous years. I am very sorry to say that we cannot advance the time of delivery. A: That's too bad, but I sincerely hope you will give our request your special 買粉絲nsideration. B: You may take it from me that the last thing we want to do is to disappoint an old customer like you. But the fact remains that our manufacturers have a heavy backlog on their hands. A: But ca

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